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Quality Enhancement of Kimchi by Pre-Treatment with Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Mild Heating during Storage

미산성 차아염소산수와 미가열 병용 처리를 통한 원료 전처리 및 김치 저장 중 품질 확보

  • Park, Joong-Hyun (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Na (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Oh, Deog-Hwan (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University)
  • 박중현 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과) ;
  • 김하나 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과) ;
  • 오덕환 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과)
  • Received : 2015.12.10
  • Accepted : 2015.12.29
  • Published : 2016.02.29

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the inactivation effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on microorganisms attached to salted Chinese cabbage and food materials of kimchi, such as slice radish and green onion. In addition, changes in microbial and physicochemical quality of manufactured kimchi during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks were investigated. Compared to the untreated control with tap water, total bacterial counts (TBC) of Chinese cabbage, slice radish, and green onion were reduced by 1.75, 1.68, and 1.03 log CFU/g at dipping times of 20 min, 5 min, and 10 min, respectively, upon treatment with 30 ppm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$. Effect of microbial inhibition was higher in salted Chinese cabbage brined in 10% salt (w/v) of 30 pm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$ than in untreated control with tap water, as indicated by 1.00 log CFU/g reduction. TBC of kimchi manufactured with materials treated with 30 ppm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$ was not significantly affected compared to untreated control, although coliforms were remarkably reduced compared to the untreated control. At the beginning of storage (1 weeks), TBC and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased by approximately 9 and 7.66~8.18 log CFU/g, respectively, and coliforms were completely eliminated. The pH and acidity of kimchi at 2 weeks were 4.34~4.49 and 0.55~0.66%, respectively, and then slowly decreased. The texture (firmness) of kimchi decreased with storage time, but the difference was not significant. This combined treatment might be considered as a potentially beneficial sanitizing method for improving the quality and safety of kimchi.

본 연구는 김치의 원 부재료와 절임배추에 부착된 미생물을 저감화하기 위하여 미산성 차아염소산수의 살균 최적화 조건을 탐색하였고, 이를 바탕으로 제조된 김치를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 저장하는 동안 나타나는 미생물학적 및 이화학적 변화를 측정하였다. 배추는 대조구에 비하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 30 ppm 미산성 차아염소산수로 20분간 침지하였을 때 1.75 log CFU/g, 무채는 같은 조건에서 5분간 침지 시 1.68 log CFU/g, 파는 10분 침지 시 1.03 log CFU/g으로 각각 가장 높은 살균 효능을 나타내었다. 한편 10% 소금으로 절임한 배추를 세척할 때 $40^{\circ}C$에서 30 ppm 미산성 차아염소산수로 세척 시 2.91 log CFU/g 저감 효과를 나타내 수도수로 세척할 때 보다 1 log CFU/g 높은 살균 효능을 나타내었다. 반면 위생처리된 절임배추에 고춧가루, 젓갈 등 양념으로 제조된 김치에서는 이들 양념에 오염된 높은 농도의 총균수로 인하여 대조구와 처리구 간에 초기 총균수의 차이는 없었으나 대장균군은 $40^{\circ}C$ 미산성 차아염소산수 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 김치를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 저장하는 동안 미생물과 이화학적 변화를 측정한 결과 총균수는 저장 1주 후에 약 9 log CFU/g 증식하였으나, 대장균군은 완전히 사멸하였고 젖산균은 7.66~8.18 log CFU/g까지 증식하였다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 3주까지는 총균수와 젖산균 모두 약 9 log CFU/g까지 유지하였으나 4주째에는 현저하게 감소하였으며 대조구와 처리구 모두 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(P>0.05). 한편 김치의 pH와 산도는 저장 2주째 pH 4.34~4.49, 산도 0.55~0.66%로 가장 좋은 품질지표를 나타냈으며 이후부터는 품질 저하가 서서히 나타났다. 경도도 저장기간이 증가할수록 현저하게 저하되었으나 처리구 간 경도 변화에 대한 유의적 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 김치 제조 시 미산성 차아염소산수의 활용은 품질과 안전성 확보에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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