Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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Controlling Ownership and R &D Investment in Chinese Firms

지배주주 지분율과 연구개발 투자: 중국 상장기업을 대상으로

  • Cho, Young-Gon (Dept. of Global Business Administration, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Li, Chun-Hong (Dept. of International Trade and Business, Sangmyung University Graduate School)
  • 조영곤 (상명대학교 글로벌경영학과) ;
  • 이춘홍 (상명대학교 대학원 국제통상학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.25
  • Accepted : 2016.12.08
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

Using 1795 observations from the 5 year-359 firm panel data collected during the period from 2009 to 2013 in Chinese stock exchanges, this study examines the impact of the controlling shareholders' ownership on R & D expenditure. This empirical study finds that when firms are state-owned, the controlling shareholders' ownership has a U shaped relation with the level of R & D expenses. A non-linear relation is also found when piece-wise regression models are applied. This empirical study also finds that when firms are private-owned, the controlling shareholders' ownership is negatively related to the level of R & D expenses, and no structural changes in the relation are found when piece-wise regression models are applied. These results support the hypothesis that the effects of the controlling shareholders' ownership on R & D expenses may differ depending on the ownership type of the controlling shareholders. This finding suggests that the differences in the controlling shareholders' incentives due to their ownership type should be considered when exploring the relation between the controlling shareholders' ownership and corporate strategic decisions.

본 연구는 지배주주의 소유 집중이 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 2009년부터 2013년까지 중국증권 거래소에 상장된 359개 기업의 5년간 1795건의 패널 자료를 대상으로 실증분석을 시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 첫째, 국유기업의 경우 지배주주의 지분율과 연구개발투자 간에는 U 형의 관계가 존재하였다. 지배주주 지분율의 구간별 추정에서도 감소 후 증가하는 구조적 전환이 존재하는 비선형 관계가 확인되었다. 본 결과는 국가가 지배주주인 경우 지분율이 증가할수록 고용 안정과 확충 등 정치적 목표 달성을 위해 고 위험 투자를 회피하지만 일정수준을 넘어서면 주주로서 기업 가치 극대화를 위해 고 위험 투자 유인이 증가함을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, 민영기업의 경우 지배주주의 지분율과 연구개발투자 간에는 부(-)의 유의적인 관계가 존재하였다. 지배주주 지분율의 구간별 추정에서도 구조적인 전환점이 발견되지 않았다. 본 결과는 개인이 지배주주인 경우 지분율이 증가할수록 사적 자산의 집중에 따라 고 위험 투자에 대한 위험 회피 유인이 증가함을 시사하고 있다. 전체적으로 실증 결과는 지배주주 유형에 따라 지배주주의 지분율이 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향이 상이하다는 점을 지지하고 있다. 본 연구는 지배주주의 지분율과 기업 의사결정에 관계에 대한 연구에서 지배주주의 유형별로 특정의사결정에 대해 갖는 유인을 고려하여야 함을 시사하고 있다.

Keywords

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