Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education (수산해양교육연구)

The Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education (한국수산해양교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Jaundice in Cultured Eel (Anguilla japonica)

양식 뱀장어 (Anguilla japonica)의 황달에 관하여

  • Received : 2016.08.09
  • Accepted : 2016.10.20
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The disease occurred in cultured eel (Anguilla japonica) in a recirculatory culture system without any separated filtration apparatus. As the pond had a high level of nitrite with $60mg/{\ell}$, 1% NaCl was added to reduce nitrite toxicity to eel. The first outbreak was observed a week after the NaCl treatment and continued for 10 days. Accumulated mortality was about 0.2-0.5%. Affected fish ranged from 150-350 g were usually anorexic and exhibited yellow colour in the skin of the abdominal region and at the base of pectoral fins, as well as in the eyes. In a few individuals with severe symptoms, the lateral skin was also yellowish. The spleen, kidney, muscle and gall bladder were yellowish and the liver was pale-yellow colour but green on the posterior part. The gall bladder was shrunken without bile. Some abnormal erythrocytes such as "tear drop" cells (dacrocyte) were observed in peripheral blood smears stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa. Hematocrit values and hemoglobin contents in the jaundiced eel were significantly lower compared with apparently heathy eel. Severe haemosiderosis accompanied by erythrophagocytosis was found in the kidney and spleen. Haemosiderin deposits were observed in macrophages of the haematopoietic tissue of the kidney and in the splenocytes. But no significant alterations were found in the hepatic cells. In this study we report the first outbreak of jaundice in cultured eel in Korea. Pathological and hematological investigations suggested that severe hemolysis may resulted in jaundice in eel although the cause of hemolytic jaundice was not identified in this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang, P-H. Kou, S-T. Chen, M-H. Tu, C. Huang, S-H. Lai, T-M. and Yu, W-C.(2008). Jaundice in cultured hybrid catfish, Clarias betrachus x Clarias fuscusi. JVCS, 1: 47-51.
  2. Chinabut S.(2002). Jaundice disease in catfish, a case study demonstrating a decline in incidence as a result to research output. In: Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural Small Scale Aquaculture Development (ed. by J.R. Arthur, M.J. Phillips, R.P. Subasinghe, M.B. Reantaso & I.H. MacRac) FAO Fish Technical paper No. 406: 77-80.
  3. Crawford, R. E. and Allen, G. H.,(1977). Seawater inhibition of nitrite toxicity to chinook salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 106: 105-109. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<105:SIONTT>2.0.CO;2
  4. Endo, M. Sakai, T. Yamaguchi, T. Nakajima, H.(1992). Pathology of jaundice in the cultured eel Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 103: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90272-M
  5. Garver, K. A. Marty, G. D. Cockburn, S. N. Richard, J. Hawley, L. M. Müller, A. & Saksida, S.(2016). Piscine reovirus, but not Jaundice Syndrome, was transmissible to Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L. J. Fish Dis, 39: 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12329
  6. Kawatsu, H. and Sakai, T.(1980), Hyperbilirubinemia in cultured eel. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci, Fisher., 46: 809-812. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.46.809
  7. Kubota, S. S. Amano, H. Ichioka, M. Miyazaki, T. and Niwa, M.(1981). Methemoglobinemia in Japanese eel. Bull. Fac. Fish. Mie Univ., 8: 149-161.
  8. Oladele, O. O. Ajayi, O. L. Olude, O. O. Stephen, O. O. Adediji, A. A. Arasi, I. O. Ntiwunka, U. G.(2012). Jaundice syndrome in African sharp-tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), associated with haemolytic Staphylococcus aureus. J. Fish Dis, 35: 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01426.x
  9. Pearson, M. D. Chinabut, S. Karnchanakharn, S.(1994). Jaundice disease in the farmed catfish hybrid, Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) $\times$ C. gariepinus (Burchell) in Thailand. J Fish Dis, 17: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00228.x
  10. Perrrone, S. J. and Maeda, T. L.(1977). Protective effect of chloride on nitrite toxicity to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). J. Fish Res. Bd. Can., 34: 486-492, https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-079
  11. Sakai, T. Murata, H. Endo, M. Yamauchi, K. Tabata, N. and Fukudome, M.(1989). 2-Thiobarbituric acid values and contents of ƒ¿-tocopherol and bile pigments in the liver and muscle of jaundiced yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Agric. Biol. Chem., 53: 1739-1740
  12. Sakai, T. Murata, H. Yamauchi, K. Takahashi, K. Okamoto, N. Kihira, K. & Tanaka, Y.(1994). Hyperbilirubinemia of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Infected with Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome (EIBS) Virus. Fisheries sci. 60: 519-521. https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.60.519
  13. Sakai, T. Shimomura, T. Endo, M. Murata, H. Tashiro, K. & Yamauchi, K.(1993). Occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia in cultured red sea bream. J. Biosci, biotech, and biochem, 57: 328-329. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.328
  14. Sakai, T. Tabata, N. and Watanabe. K.(1988). Bile pigments in the bile of freshwater fish, rainbow trout, tilapia, and pejerrey. Agric. Biol. Chem., 52: 3051-3056.
  15. Sakai, T. Tabata, N. and Watanabe. K.(1990). Bile pigments in the bile of marine fish: Yellowtail, red sea bream, and flounder. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54: 2047-2053.
  16. Smith, P. A. Larenas, J. Contreras, J. Cassigoli, J. Venegas, C. Rojas, M. E. & Díaz, S. (2006). Infectious haemolytic anaemia causes jaundice outbreaks in seawater cultured coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), in Chile. J. Fish Dis, 29, 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00766.x
  17. Sorimachi, M. Maeno, Y. Nakajima, K. Inouye, K. & Inui, Y.(1993). Causative agent of jaundice of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Fish Path.
  18. Tomasso, J. R. Simco, B. A. and Davis, K. B.(1979). Chloride inhibition of nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 36: 1141-1144. https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-160
  19. Turc, L. T. T.(2013). Investigation into jaundice in farmed catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. University of Stirling, doctoral thesis.
  20. Yamaguchi, K. Kochiyama, Y. Hashimoto, K. and Matsuyama, F.(1966). Studies on a blue-green serum pigment of eel-II. Identification of prosthetci group. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fisher., 32: 873-878 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.32.873
  21. 大上皓久, 幡谷雅之, 村松高明 (1969). 養殖ウナギの血液性狀に關する硏究. I 建康狀態2, 3の血液性狀との關係について. 靜岡水試硏究報告, 3:57-67.