Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Transient aerodynamic forces of a vehicle passing through a bridge tower's wake region in crosswind environment

  • Ma, Lin (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hohai) ;
  • Zhou, Dajun (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hohai) ;
  • Han, Wanshui (Department of Bridge Engineering, University of Chang'an) ;
  • Wu, Jun (Department of Bridge Engineering, University of Chang'an) ;
  • Liu, Jianxin (Department of Bridge Engineering, University of Chang'an)
  • Received : 2015.03.30
  • Accepted : 2015.12.17
  • Published : 2016.02.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Super long-span bridges provide people with great convenience, but they also bring traffic safety problems caused by strong wind owing to their high decks. In this paper, the large eddy simulation together with dynamic mesh technology in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to explore the mechanism of a moving vehicle's transient aerodynamic force in crosswind, the regularity and mechanism of the vehicle's aerodynamic forces when it passes through a bridge tower's wake zone in crosswind. By comparing the calculated results and those from wind tunnel tests, the reliability of the methods used in the paper is verified on a moving vehicle's aerodynamic forces in a bridge tower's wake region. A vehicle's aerodynamic force coefficient decreases sharply when it enters into the wake region, and reaches its minimum on the leeward of the bridge tower where exists a backflow region. When a vehicle moves on the outermost lane on the windward direction and just passes through the backflow region, it will suffer from negative lateral aerodynamic force and yaw moment in the bridge tower's wake zone. And the vehicle's passing ruins the original vortex structure there, resulting in that the lateral wind on the right side of the bridge tower does not change its direction but directly impact on the vehicle's windward. So when the vehicle leaves from the backflow region, it will suffer stronger aerodynamic than that borne by the vehicle when it just enters into the region. Other cases of vehicle moving on different lane and different directions were also discussed thoroughly. The results show that the vehicle's pneumatic safety performance is evidently better than that of a vehicle on the outermost lane on the windward.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : China national natural science foundation

References

  1. Bettle, J., Holloway, A.G.L. and Venart, J.E.S. (2003), "A computational study of the aerodynamic forces acting on a tractor-trailer vehicle on a bridge in cross-wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(5), 573-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00461-0
  2. Breuer, M., Jaffrezic, B. and Arora, K. (2008), "Hybrid LES-RANS technique based on a one-equation near-wall model", Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn., 22(3), 157-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-007-0067-9
  3. Cabot, W.H. (1995), "Large-eddy simulations with wall models", Center for Turbulence Annual Briefs, Stanford Univ., 12, 41-55.
  4. Cai, C.S., Hu, J.X., Chen, S.R., Zhang, W. and Kong, X. (2015), "A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review", Wind Struct., 20(2), 117-142. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.117
  5. Cai, C.S., Zhang, W., Liu, X.Z., Peng, W., Chen, S.R., Han, Y. and Hu, J.X. (2013), "Framework of wind-vehicle-bridge interaction analysis and its applications", J. Earthq. Tsunami, 7(3), 132-141.
  6. Charuvisit, S., Kimura, K. and Fujino, Y. (2004a), "Experimental and semi-analytical studies on the aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle passing through the wake of a bridge tower in cross wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92(4), 740-780.
  7. Charuvisit, S., Kimura, K. and Fujino, Y. (2004b), "Effects of wind barrier on a vehicle passing in the wake of a bridge tower in cross wind and its response", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92(s7-8), 609-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.006
  8. Chen, S.R. and Cai, C.S. (2004), "Accident assessment of vehicles on long-span bridges in windy environment", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92(12), 991-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.06.002
  9. Cheng, S.Y., Tsubokura, M., Nakashima, T., Nouzawa, T. and Okada, Y. (2011), "A numerical analysis of transient flow past road vehicles subjected to pitching oscillation", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 99(99), 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.02.001
  10. Felten, F., Fautrelle, Y., Terrail, Y.D. and Metais, Q. (2004), "Numerical modelling of electromagnetically-driven turbulent flows using LES methods", Appl. Math. Model., 28(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0307-904X(03)00116-1
  11. Han, W.S., Ma, L., Cai, C.S., Chen, S.R. and Wu, J. (2015), "Nonlinear dynamic performance of long-span cable-stayed bridge under traffic and wind", Wind Struct., 20(2), 249-274. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.249
  12. Han, W.S., Ma, L. and Liu, J.X. (2010a), "Lateral coupling relations between the vehicle-bridge systems under crosswind", China Civil Eng. J., 43(10), 73-82.
  13. Han, W.S., Ma, L. and Liu, J.X. (2011), "Research on coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge system with considering driver behavior", China J. Highway Transport, 24(1), 42-49.
  14. Han, W.S., Ma, L., Yuan, S.J., Chen, A.R. and Liu, J.X. (2010b), "Probability analysis of bridge deck side wind-induced vehicle accidents based on joint distribution of wind speed and wind direction", China J. Highway Transport, 23(2), 43-49.
  15. Han, Y., Cai, C.S., Zhang, J.R., Chen, S.R. and He, X.H. (2014), "Effects of aerodynamic parameters on the dynamic responses of road vehicles and bridges under cross winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 134, 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.08.013
  16. Han, Y., Hu, J.X., Cai, C.S., Chen, Z.Q. and Li, C.G. (2013), "Experimental and numerical studies of aerodynamic forces on vehicles and bridges", Wind Struct., 17(2), 163-184. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.17.2.163
  17. Han, Y., Liu, S.Q., Cai, C.S., Zhang, J.R., Chen, S.R. and He, X.H. (2015), "The influence of vehicles on the flutter stability of a long-span suspension bridge", Wind Struct., 20(2), 275-292. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.275
  18. Kanda, M., Moriwaki, R. and Kasamatsu, F. (2004), "Large-eddy simulation of turbulent organized structures within and above explicitly resolved cube arrays", Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 112(2), 343-368. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BOUN.0000027909.40439.7c
  19. Li, J.W., Zhang, H.J. and Han, W.S. (2009), "Wind-induced response of cable-stayed bridge with consideration of Reynolds number effect", China J. Highway Transport, 22(2), 42-47.
  20. Li, Y.L., Chen, N., Cai, X.T. and Qiang, S.Z. (2010), "Wake effect of bridge tower on coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge system", China J. Southwest Jiaotong Univ., 45(6), 875-881+887.
  21. Li, Y.L., Hu, P., Zhang, M.J. and Liao, H.L. (2009), "Wind tunnel test with moving vehicle model for aerodynamic forces of vehicle-bridge systems under cross wind", Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12.
  22. Ma, L., Han, W.S., Ji, B.H. and Liu J.X. (2015), "Probability of overturning for vehicles moving on a bridge deck in a wind environment considering stochastic process characteristics of excitations", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 29(1), 1-11.
  23. Rocchi, D., Rosa, L., Sabbioni, E., Sbrosi, M. and Belloli, M. (2012), "A numerical-experimental methodology for simulating the aerodynamic forces acting on a moving vehicle passing through the wake of a bridge tower under cross wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 104(3), 256-265.
  24. Smagorinsky, J. (1963), "General circulation experiments with primitive equations", Mon. Weather Rev., 91(3), 99-164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2
  25. Snæ bjornsson, J.T., Baker C.J. and Sigbjornsson, R. (2007), "Probabilistic assessment of road vehicle safety in windy environments", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95, 1445-1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.020
  26. Tsubokura, M., Nakashima, T., Kitayama, M., Ikawa, Y., Doh, D.H. and Kobayashi, T. (2010), "Large eddy simulation on the unsteady aerodynamic response of a road vehicle in transient crosswinds", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 31(6), 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.05.008
  27. Wang, B., Xu, Y.L., Zhu, L.D., Cao, S.Y. and Li, Y.L. (2013), "Determination of aerodynamic forces on stationary/moving vehicle-bridge deck system under crosswinds using computational fluid dynamics", Eng. Appli. Comput.Fluid Mech., 7(3), 355-368.
  28. Xie, Z.T. and Castro, I.P. (2006), "LES and RANS for turbulent flow over arrays of wall-mounted obstacles", Flow Turbul. Combust, 76, 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-006-9018-6
  29. Xu, Y.L. and Guo, W.H. (2003), "Dynamic analysis of coupled road vehicle and cable-stayed bridge systems under turbulent wind", Eng. Struct., 25(4), 473-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00188-8
  30. Zhu L.D., Li, L., Xu, Y.L. and Zhu Q. (2012), "Wind tunnel investigations of aerodynamic coefficients of road vehicles on bridge deck", J. Fluid. Struct., 30, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2011.09.002

Cited by

  1. Aerodynamic Interference Mechanism of Moving Vehicles on a Bridge Deck in Crosswind Environment vol.23, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001194
  2. Safety Prediction Using Vehicle Safety Evaluation Model Passing on Long-Span Bridge with Fully Connected Neural Network vol.2019, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8130240
  3. Driving risk of road vehicle shielded by bridge tower under strong crosswind vol.96, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3554-y