The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics

The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics (대한치과보철학회)
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Interfacial modulus mapping of layered dental ceramics using nanoindentation

  • Theocharopoulos, Antonios L (School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London) ;
  • Bushby, Andrew J (School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London) ;
  • P'ng, Ken MY (School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London) ;
  • Wilson, Rory M (School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London) ;
  • Tanner, K Elizabeth (Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow) ;
  • Cattel, Michael J (Barts & The London School of Dentistry, Centre for Adult Oral Health)
  • Received : 2016.05.13
  • Accepted : 2016.11.02
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to test the modulus of elasticity (E) across the interfaces of yttria stabilized zirconia (YTZP) / veneer multilayers using nanoindentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. YTZP core material (KaVo-Everest, Germany) specimens were either coated with a liner (IPS e.max ZirLiner, Ivoclar-Vivadent) (Type-1) or left as-sintered (Type-2) and subsequently veneered with a pressable glass-ceramic (IPS e.max ZirPress, Ivoclar-Vivadent). A $5{\mu}m$ (nominal tip diameter) spherical indenter was used with a UMIS CSIRO 2000 (ASI, Canberra, Australia) nanoindenter system to test E across the exposed and polished interfaces of both specimen types. The multiple point load - partial unload method was used for E determination. All materials used were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X - ray powder diffraction (XRD). E mappings of the areas tested were produced from the nanoindentation data. RESULTS. A significantly (P<.05) lower E value between Type-1 and Type-2 specimens at a distance of $40{\mu}m$ in the veneer material was associated with the liner. XRD and SEM characterization of the zirconia sample showed a fine grained bulk tetragonal phase. IPS e-max ZirPress and IPS e-max ZirLiner materials were characterized as amorphous. CONCLUSION. The liner between the YTZP core and the heat pressed veneer may act as a weak link in this dental multilayer due to its significantly (P<.05) lower E. The present study has shown nanoindentation using spherical indentation and the multiple point load - partial unload method to be reliable predictors of E and useful evaluation tools for layered dental ceramic interfaces.

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References

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