Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion (보건교육건강증진학회지)

Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion (한국보건교육건강증진학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association between smoking cessation and metabolic syndrome in Korean Men: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014

한국 남성의 금연과 대사증후군과의 관련성: 2013-2014년 국민건강영양조사 활용

  • Kwak, Jin-Hee (Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Hong, Na-Young (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Ha, Hee Sung (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Won-Chul (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 곽진희 (가톨릭대학교 대학원 예방의학과) ;
  • 홍나영 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 하희승 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 이원철 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실)
  • Received : 2016.07.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.13
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking cessation and metabolic syndrome components in Korean male and to clarify how long metabolic syndrome and its components remains after smoking cessation. Methods: A total of 4,408 participants from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were included in this cross-sectional study. Smoking status was categorized into three groups, current-smoker, ex-smoker and non-smoker. Also smoking cessation period was categorized into three groups, less than 5 years, 5 years to 15 years and more than 15 years. Results: Smoking cessation were associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. The multi-variate adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.68(1.22-2.31) for smoker, 1.04(0.74-1.46) for ex-smoker, as compare with non-smoker; adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of hypertriglyceride 2.17(1.77-2.66) for smoker, 1.27(1.02-1.59) for ex-smoker and high waist circumference 1.36(0.98-1.88) for smoker, 1.07(0.78-1.48) for ex-smoker, as compare with non-smoker. Conclusions: Smoking cessation in Korean male reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its 4 components except for hypertension.

Keywords

References

  1. Alberti, K. G., Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., Zimmet, P. Z., Cleeman, J. I., Donato, K. A., ...Sidney, C. S. Jr. (2009). Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and international association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation, 120(16), 1640-1645. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644
  2. Amiya, A., Ahmed, B. S., Kanan, P., Margaret, A., Nyaku, Raya, E....Ali, A. (2015). Risk of heart failure and death after prolonged smoking cessation role of amount and duration of prior smoking. Circulation. Heart Failure, 8, 694-701. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001885
  3. Aubin, H. J., Peiffer, G., Stoebner, D. A., Vicaut, E., Jeanpetit, Y., Solesse, A.,...Thomas, D. (2010). The French observational cohort of usual smokers (FOCUS) cohort: French smokers perceptions and attitudes towards smoking cessation. BMC Public Health, 10, 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-100
  4. Berkelmans, A., Burton, D., Page, K., & Worrall, C. L. (2011). Registered nurses' smoking behaviours and their attitudes to personal cessation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67, 1580-1590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05592.x
  5. Bonithon, K. C., Raison, J., Courbon, D., Bonhomme, G., Guy, G. B., & Ducimetiere, D. (1992). Relationships between 3-y longitudinal changes in body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and metabolic variables in an active French female population. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56, 475-482. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/56.3.475
  6. Borrelli, B., & Mermelstein, R. (1998). The role of weight concern and self-efficacy in smoking cessation and weight gain among smokers in a clinic-based cessation program. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 609-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00014-8
  7. CDC/NCHS, Health, United States. (2014). National Health Interview Survey and Monitoring the Future Study. Atlanta, GA. CDC.
  8. Celermajer, D. S., Sorensen, K. E., Georgakopoulos, D., Bull, C., Thomas, O., Robinson, J., & Deanfield, J. E. (1993). Cigarette smoking is associated with dose related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation, 88(5, pt 1), 2149-2155. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.88.5.2149
  9. Chelland, C. S., Moffatt, R. J., & Stamford, B. A. (2008). Smoking and smoking cessation: the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis, 201, 225-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046
  10. Chen, C. C., Li, T. C., & Chang, P. C. (2008). Association among cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, and its individual components: the Metabolic syndrome study in Taiwan, Metabolism Clinical and Experimental, 57, 544-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.018
  11. Clark, M. M., Decker, P. A., Offord, K. P., Patten, C. A., Vickers, K. S., Croghan, I. T.,...Dale, L. C. (2004). Weight concerns among male smokers. Addictictive Behaviors, 29, 1637-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.034
  12. Clark, M. M., Hurt, R. D., Croghan, I. T., Patten, C. A., Novotny, P., Sloan, J. A.,...Loprinzi, C. L. (2006). The prevalence of weight concerns in a smoking abstinence clinical trial. Addictictive Behaviors, 31, 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.08.011
  13. Corwin, E. J., McCoy, C. S., Whetzel, C. A., Ceballos, R. M., & Klein, L. C. (2006). Risk indicators of metabolic syndrome in young adults: a preliminary investigation on the influence of tobacco smoke exposure and gender. Heart & Lung, 35, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.09.003
  14. Dzien, A., Dzien-Bischinger, C., Hoppichler, F., & Lechleitner, M. (2004). The metabolic syndrome as a link between smoking and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 6(2), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.00324.x
  15. Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2005). The metabolic syndrome. Lancet, 365, 1415-1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
  16. Facchini, F. S., Hollenbeck, C.B., Jeppesen, J., Chen, Y. D., & Reaven, G. M. (1992). Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet, 339(8807), 1128-1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)90730-Q
  17. Farley, A. C., Hajek, P., Lycett, D., & Aveyard, P. (2012). Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 1, CD006219.
  18. Filozof, C., Fernandez-Pinilla, M. C., & Fernandez-Cruz A. (2004). Smoking cessation and weight gain. Obesity Reviews, 5, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00131.x
  19. Foy, C. G., Bell, R. A., Farmer, D. F., Goff, D. C. Jr, & Wagenknecht, L.E. (2005). Smoking and incidence of diabetes among U.S. adults: findings from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care, 28(10), 2501-2507. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.10.2501
  20. Gerace, T. A., Hollis, J., Ockene. J. K., & Svendsen, K. (1991). Smoking cessation and change in diastolic blood pressure, body weight, and plasma lipids. MRFIT Research Group. Preventive Medicine, 20, 602-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(91)90058-C
  21. Gossett, L. K., Johnson, H. M., Piper, M. E., Fiore, M. C., Baker, T. B., & Stein. J. H. (2009). Smoking Intensity and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Active Smokers Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 3(6), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2009.10.008
  22. Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001). Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(11), 790-797. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010492
  23. Ishizaka, N., Ishizaka, Y., Toda, E., Nagai, R., Koike, K., Hashimoto, H., & Yamakado, M. (2007). Relationship between smoking, white blood cell count and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 78, 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2007.02.009
  24. Ishizaka, Y., Yamakado, M., & Ishizaka, N. (2006). Importance of smoking cessation intervention for subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nippon Rinsho, 64(suppl 9), 589-593 (in Japanese).
  25. Jansen, D. F., Nedeljkovic, S., Feskens, E. J., Ostojic, M. C., Grujic, M. Z., Bloemberg, B. P., & Kromhout, D. (1995). Coffee consumption, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking as determinants of serum total and HDL cholesterol in two Serbian cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 15, 1793-1797.
  26. Jeffery, R. W., Hennrikus, D. J., Lando, H. A., Murray, D. M., & Liu, J. W. (2000). Reconciling conflicting findings regarding postcessation weight concerns and success in smoking Cessation. Health Psychology, 19, 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.3.242
  27. Johnson, H. M., Gossett, L. K., Piper, M. E., Aeschimann, S. E., Korcarz, C. E., Baker, T. B, .,...Stein, J. H.(2010). Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on endothelial function: 1-year outcomes from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55(18), 1988-1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.002
  28. Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2014). Korea Health Statistics 2014 : Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2). Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju-si: Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.
  29. Kang, J. H., & Song, Y. M. (2015). Association Between Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status and Metabolic Syndrome:Analyses of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2010, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 13(3), 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2014.0124
  30. Kawada, T., Otsuka, T., Inagaki, H., Wakayama, Y.. Li, Q., Li, Y. J., & Katsumata, M. (2010). Association of smoking status, insulin resistance, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome in workers: a 1-year follow-up study. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice, 4, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2009.12.004
  31. Kenji, M., Yoshinori, N., & Tsuguya, F. (2003). The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis Preventive Medicine, 37, 283-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00110-5
  32. Kim, B. J., Kim, B. S., Sung, K. C., Kang, J. H., Lee, M. H., & Park, J. R. (2009). Association of smoking status, weight change, and incident metabolic syndrome in men: a 3-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care, 32, 1314-1316. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0060
  33. Lakka, H. M., Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, T. A., Niskanen, L. K., Kumpusalo, E., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (2002). The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular diseasemortality in middle-aged men. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(21), 2709-2716. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.21.2709
  34. Lee, S. Y., Park, H. S., Kim, D. J., Han, J. H., Kim, S. M., Cho, G. J.,...Yoo, H. J. (2007). Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 75, 72-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.04.013
  35. Lee, W. Y., Jung, C. H., Park, J. S., Rhee, E. J., & Kim, S. W. (2005). Effects of smoking, alcohol, exercise, education, and family history on the metabolic syndrome as defined by the ATP III. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 67(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2004.05.006
  36. Maeda, K., Noguchi, Y., & Fukui, T. (2003). The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine, 37, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00110-5
  37. Matsushita, Y., Nakagawa, T., Yamamoto, S., Takahashi, Y., Noda, M., & Mizoue, T. (2011). Association of smoking cessation with visceral fat area and prevalence of Metabolic syndrome in men: the Hitachi Health Study. Obesity, 19, 647-651. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.237
  38. Meyers, A. W., Klesges, R. C., Winders, S. E., Ward, K. D., Peterson, B. A., & Eck, L. H. (1997). Are weight concerns predictive of smoking cessation? A prospective analysis. Journal of clinical psychology, 65, 448-452.
  39. Miyatake, N., Wada. J., Kawasaki, Y., Nishii, K., Makino, H., & Numata, T. (2006). Relationship between metabolic syndrome and cigarette smoking in the Japanese population. Internal Medicine, 45(18), 1039-1043. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1850
  40. Noh, J. M., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Changes in the Serum Level of High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol after Smoking Cessation among Adult Men, Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 33, 305-310. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.5.305
  41. Oh. S. W., Yoon, Y. S., Lee, E. S., Kim, W. K., Park, C., Lee, S.,...Yoo T. (2005). Association between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care, 28(8), 2064-2066. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.8.2064
  42. Pomerleau, C. S., Zucker, A. N., & Stewart, A. J. (2001). Characterizing concerns about post-cessation weight gain: results from a national survey of women smokers. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 3, 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200125675
  43. Prabhat, J., Chinthanie, R., & Victoria, L. (2013). 21st-century Hazrad of smoking and benefits of cessation in the Unite Statese. New England journal of Medicine, 368(4), 341-350 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211128
  44. Reaven, G., & Tsao, P. S. (2003). Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: the key player between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41, 1044-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02982-0
  45. Rimm, E. B., Chan, J., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C. (1995). Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and the risk of diabetes in men. BMJ., 310(6979), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6979.555
  46. Ronnemaa, T., Ronnemaa, E. M., Puukka, P., Pyorala, K., & Laakso, M. (1996). Smoking is independently associated with high plasma insulin levels in nondiabetic men Diabetes Care, 19(11), 1229-1232. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.11.1229
  47. Rosenthal, L., Carroll-Scott, A., Earnshaw, V. A., Sackey, N., O'Malley, S. S., Santili, A., & Ickovics J. R. (2013). Targeting cessation: understanding barriers and motivations to quitting among urban adult daily tobacco smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1639-1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.09.016
  48. Slagter, S. N., van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V., Vonk, J. M., Boezen, H. M., Dullaart, R. P., Kobold, A. C.,...Wolffenbuttel, B. H. (2013). Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size. BMC Medicine, 11, 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-195
  49. Sun, K., Liu, J., & Ning, G. (2012). Active smoking and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS One, 7(10), e47791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047791
  50. Takashi, W., Mitsuyoshi, U., & Tsutomu, F. (2007). Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Persists Twenty Years after the Cessation of Smoking Internal Medicine, 46(0026), 1079-1082 https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0026
  51. Tamura, U., Tanaka, T., Okamura, T., Kadowaki, T., Yamato, H., Tanaka, H.,...Yamagata, Z. (2010). HIPOPOHP Research Group. Changes in weight, cardiovascular risk factors and estimated risk of coronary heart disease following smoking cessation in Japanese male workers: HIPOP-OHP study. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 17(1), 12-20 https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.1800
  52. Teo, K. K., Ounpuu, S., Hawken, S., Pandey, M. R., Valentin, V., Hunt, D.,...Yusuf, S. (2006). Tobacco use and risk of myocardial infarction in 52 countries in the INTERHEART study: a case-control study. Lancet, 368, 647-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69249-0
  53. Wada, T., Urashima, M., & Fukumoto, T. (2007) Risk of metabolic syndrome persists twenty tears after the cessation of smoking. Internal Medicine, 46, 1079-1082. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0026
  54. Wilson, P. W., D'Agostino, R. B., Parise, H., Sullivan, L., & Meigs, J. B. (2005). Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 112(20), 3066-3072. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539528
  55. Yeh, H. C., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Wang, N. Y., & Brancati, F. L. (2010). Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-00005
  56. Yumi, M., Toru, N., & Shuichiro, Y. (2011). Associations of Smoking Cessation With Visceral Fat Area and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Men: The Hitachi Health Study. Obesity, 19(3), 647-651. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.237
  57. Yumiko, N., Masakazu, N., & Akihiko, K. (2010). Relationships of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Men, Journal of Epidemiology, 20(5), 391-397. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20100043
  58. Zhu, Y. X., Zhang, M. L., & Hou, X. H. (2011). Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk for Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Men-Shanghai Diabetes Study, Biomedical and Environmental Science, 24(5), 475-482 https://doi.org/10.3967/0895-3988.2011.05.004

Cited by

  1. Smoking cessation is related to change in metabolic syndrome onset: A rural cohort study vol.18, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/118232