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Distribution and Species Prediction of Epilithic Diatom in the Geum River Basin, South Korea

금강권역 주요 하천의 돌 부착돌말류 분포 및 출현예측

  • Received : 2015.06.05
  • Accepted : 2015.07.13
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

In order to understand the relationship between the distribution of epilithic diatoms and the habitual environments, land-use, water qualities, and epilithic diatoms were studied at 141 sampling sites in the midwestern stream of Korean peninsula (Geum river, Mangyeong river, Dongjin river, and Sapgyo river). The total 183 diatom taxa was appeared in the study, while the dominant species were found to be Nitzschia palea (10.9%) and Achnanthes convergens (8.4%). Based on the abundance of epilithic diatoms, a cluster analysis results indicate that the sampling sites divided the sampling sites into 4 groups (G) at the 25% level. In term of geographic and aquatic environments, G-I and -II accounted for the upper and mid streams of the Geum river, and had large forest areas and good in water quality. G-III accounted for farmland and urban, and high concentration nutrient levels (TN and TP) and electric conductivity. G-IV accounted for mostly farmland, and high levels in turbidity, BOD, nutrient and electric conductivity. CCA results showed that the saproxenous taxa Meridion circulare was the indicator species of G-I, which strongly influenced by altitude and forests. In G-II, the indifferent taxa Navicula cryptocephala was influenced by Chl-a, AFDM, and DO. In G-III and -IV, the indifferent taxa Fragilaria elliptica and saprophilous taxa Aulacoseira ambigua were influenced by electric conductivity, turbidity, and nutrient counts. Meanwhile, random forest results showed that the predicting factor of indicator species appearance in G-I, -II, and -III was found to be electric conductivity whereas in G-IV it was found to be turbidity. Collectively, the distribution of diatoms in the midwestern of Korean peninsula was found to depend more on the land-use and its subsequent water qualities than the inherent characteristics of the aquatic environment.

금강권역 (금강, 만경강, 동진강, 삽교천)의 돌부착돌말류 분포와 환경과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 총 146개 지점의 토지이용, 수질 및 돌말류 조사를 실시하였다. 조사에서 출현한 돌말류는 총 183분류군으로 1강 2목 3아목 9과 35속 162종 18변종 2품종 1아종이었으며, 우점종은 Nitzschia palea (10.9%), Achnanthes convergens (8.4%)로 밝혀졌다. 돌말류의 현존량을 근거로 집괴분석을 실시한 결과, 25% 수준에서 4개 그룹으로 구분되었다. 지리적 특성 및 수질환경은 그룹 I, II는 각각 금강의 상류와 중류 지점으로 주변에 숲 구성비가 높고 수질이 양호하였다. 그룹 III은 도시를 관통하고 농경지였으며 수질은 영양염 (TN, TP), 전기전도도 등이 높았다. 그룹 IV는 대부분 평야지대로서 농경지로 구성되었으며 수질은 탁도, BOD, 영양염, 전기전도도 등이 상대적으로 높았다. CCA 결과는 그룹 I은 호청수성종 Meridion circulare가 지표종으로 해발고도와 숲의 영향을, 그룹 II는 광적응성종 Navicula cryptocephala가 Chlorophylla, AFDM, DO의 영향을 각각 받은 것으로 나타났다. 그룹 III, IV는 각각 광적응성종 Fragilaria elliptica와 호오탁성 종 Aulacoseira ambigua 등이 전기전도도, 탁도, 영양염의 영향을 받았다. 한편 그룹 I, II, III의 지표종들의 발생을 결정하는 예측요인으로는 공히 전기전도도였으며 그룹 IV는 탁도로 나타났다. 이상을 종합하면, 금강권역의 돌말류의 분포는 수계의 고유성 보다는 주변의 토지이용도와 그로 인한 수질에 의해 결정되는 것으로 판단되며, 미소서식처에 대한 제밀한 연구가 이루어진다면 보다 정확한 돌말류 분포특성을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 사려되었다.

Keywords

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