DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

일부 생활화학용품에 함유된 성분 및 유해물질 조사 - 세정제와 소독제를 중심으로 -

An Investigation of Ingredients and Hazardous Substances in Some Consumer Products - Focusing on Cleaners and Disinfectants -

  • 허다안 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건과학과) ;
  • 허은혜 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건과학과) ;
  • 박지영 (서울대학교 보건환경연구소) ;
  • 문경환 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건환경융합과학부) ;
  • 이기영 (서울대학교 보건대학원)
  • Heo, Da-An (Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Korea University) ;
  • Huh, Eun-Hae (Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Korea University) ;
  • Park, Ji Young (Institute of Health and Environmental, Seoul National University) ;
  • Moon, Kyong Whan (Department of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Kiyoung (Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.08.20
  • 심사 : 2015.10.14
  • 발행 : 2015.10.28

초록

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the ingredients used in ten consumer product categories and determine hazardous substances among these ingredients. Methods: A total of 542 commercial products in ten consumer product categories were selected. The consumer products were sticker removers, washing machine cleaners, multi-purpose cleaners, mold removers, glass cleaners, chlorinated sanitizers, air conditioner cleaners, disposal cleaners, drain cleaners and disinfectant sprays. The company list was complied from governmental records and a market survey. The respective companies were contacted for a list of ingredients found in the 542 products. Results: The corresponding companies listed 163 ingredients. According to European Union (EU) Directive 67/548/EEC, 38 of the 163 ingredients were classified as dangerous substances. Among these substances, 28 ingredients were hazardous to the skin, 15 were hazardous to the eye, and nine were hazardous if inhaled. Three ingredients were classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction) substances: liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) with carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and VM&P naphtha and ligroine with carcinogenicity. Conclusion: Various chemicals, including hazardous substances, were used in consumer products. Risk assessment of consumer products is required in order to protect the population from health risks.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Yonhap Newspaper. The accident reports of humidifier disinfectants. 2015 Jan 29.
  2. Baby newspaper[internet]. The accident reports of humidifier disinfectants. 2012 Feb 3. Available: http://www.ibabynews.com/News/NewsView.aspx? CategoryCode=0010&NewsCode=201202030107-521274589934#z [accessed 10 Aug 2015].
  3. YY Choi, HK Lim, SY Lim, DM Paek. Health damages and lessons of the use of humidifier disinfectants in Korea. J Environ Health Sci. 2012; 38(2): 166-174.
  4. Maeil Business Newspaper. New disinfectant product for humidifier. 1994 Dec 16.
  5. JY Kim, HH Kim, KH Cho. Acute cardiovascular toxicity of sterilizers, PHGM, and PGH: Severe inflammation in human cells and heart failure in zebrafish. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2013; 13(2): 148-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-012-9193-8
  6. Kyunghyang Newspaper. Detecting carcinogenic chemicals exceeding permissible limit in French tattoo inks. 2013 July 11.
  7. The Korea Industry Daily Newspaper. Detecting hazardous chemicals in false eyelashes adhesive. 2012 July 23.
  8. MR Goldsmith, CM Grulke, RD Brooks, TR Transue, YM Tan, A Frame, et al. Development of a consumer product ingredient database for chemical exposure screening and prioritization. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2014; 65: 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.029
  9. Robin E. Dodson, Marcia Nishioka, Laurel J. Standley, Laura J. Perovich, Julia Green Brody, Ruthann A. Rudel. Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2012; 120(7): 935-943. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104052
  10. European Parliament C. Council Directive 67/548/ EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. 1967. Available: http://eurlex.europa.eu.
  11. European Parliament C. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Text with EEA relevance). 2008. Available: http://eurlex.europa.eu.
  12. Gerster FM, Vernez D, Wild PP, Hopf NB. Hazardous substances in frequently used professional cleaning products. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2014; 20(1): 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000052
  13. Sally F. Bloomfield. The use of disinfectants in the home. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1978; 45(1): 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1978.tb04195.x
  14. Racioppi F, Daskaleros PA, Besbelli N, Borges A, Deraemaeker C, Magalini SI, et al. Household bleaches based on sodium hypochlorite: review of acute toxicology and poison control center experience. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1994; 32(9): 845-861. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)90162-7
  15. Nixon GA, Tyson CA, Wertz WC. Interspecies comparisons of skin irritancy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1975; 31(3): 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(75)90272-0
  16. Nixon GA, Bannan EA, Gaynor TW, Johnston DH, Griffith JF. Evaluation of modified methods for determining skin irritation. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 1990; 12(2): 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-2300(05)80054-6
  17. Lehman-McKeeman LD, Gamsky EA, Hicks SM, Vassallo JD, Mar MH, et al. Diethanolamine induces hepatic choline deficiency in mice. Toxicological Sciences. 2002; 67(1): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/67.1.38
  18. Sharma N, Singh D, Sobti A, Agarwal P, Velpandian T, et al. Course and outcome of accidental sodium hydroxide ocular injury. Am J Ophthalmon. 2012; 154(4): 740-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2012.04.018
  19. Hautemaniere A, Cunat L, Ahmed-Lecheheb D, Hajjard F,Gerardin F, Morele Y, et al. Assessment of exposure to ethanol vapors released during use of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs by healthcare workers. J Infect Public Health. 2013; 6(1): 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2012.09.015
  20. Franova S, Joskova M, Sadlonova V, Pavelcikova D, Mesarosova L, et al. Experimental model of allergic asthma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013; 756: 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4549-0_7
  21. Api AM, Ritacco G, Hawkins DR. The fate of dermally applied [14C]D-limonene in rats and humans. Int J Toxicol. 2013; 32(2): 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581813479979
  22. Capron A, Destree J, Jacobs P, Wallemacq P. Permeability of gloves to selected chemotherapeutic agents after treatment with alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012; 69(19): 1665-1670. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp110733
  23. Sahmel J, Devlin K, Burns A, Ferracini T, Ground M, Paustenbach D. An analysis of workplace exposures to benzene over four decades at a petrochemical processing and manufacturing facility (1962-1999). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2013; 76(12): 723-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.821393
  24. Gijsbers JH, Tielemans E, Brouwer DH, van Hemmen JJ. Dermal exposure during filling, loading and brushing with products containing 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol. Ann Occup Hyg. 2004; 48(3): 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/meh008
  25. Sirdah MM, Al Laham NA, El Madhoun RA. Possible health effects of liquefied petroleum gas on workers at filling and distribution stations of Gaza governorates. East Mediterr Health J. 2013; 19(3): 289-294.
  26. HN Bhargava, PA Leonard. Triclosan: applications and safety. American journal of infection control. 1996; 24(3): 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(96)90017-6
  27. Arias Irigoyen J, Garrido Borrero P. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from monoethanolamine in a metal worker. Allergol Immunopathol. 2011; 39(3): 187-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2010.06.006
  28. Kollef MH. Chronic ammonium hydroxide exposure. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107(1): 118.
  29. J Liesivuori, H Savolainen. Methanol and formic Acid toxicity: biochemical mechanisms. Pharmacology& Toxicology. 1991; 69(3): 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01290.x
  30. Boatman R, Corley R, Green T, Klaunig J, Udden M. Review of studies concerning the tumorigenicity of 2-butoxyethanol in B6C3F1 mice and its relevance for human risk assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B. 2004; 7(5): 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400490498084
  31. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tertbutoxypropan-2-ol. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2006; 88: 419-438.
  32. MS Peter, SM Connolly, AL Schroder. Bronopol allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1983; 9(5): 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04436.x
  33. MK Bruch. Chloroxylenol: An old-new antimicrobial. In: JM Ascenzi. Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996. p.265-274.
  34. T Satoh, K Omae, H Nakashima, T Takebayashi, H Matsumura, et al. Relationship between acetone exposure concentration and health effects in acetate fiber plant workers. Int Arch occup Environ Health. 1996; 68(3): 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381623
  35. RD Stewart, AA Herrmann, ED Baretta, HV Forster, JJ Sikora, et al. Acute and repetitive human exposure to isobutane. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environmental & Health. 1977; 3(4): 234-243. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2775
  36. Lena Ernstgard, Anders Iregren, Bengt Sjogren, Gunnar Johanson. Acute effects of exposure to vapours of acetic acid in humans. Toxicology Letters. 2006; 165: 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.010