DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

사고등급별 고속도로 교통사고 처리시간 예측모형 개발

Development of Freeway Traffic Incident Clearance Time Prediction Model by Accident Level

  • LEE, Soong-bong (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • HAN, Dong Hee (Transportation Research Division, Korea Expressway Corporation) ;
  • LEE, Young-Ihn (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.04.03
  • 심사 : 2015.08.18
  • 발행 : 2015.10.31

초록

고속도로의 비반복 혼잡은 주로 돌발상황에 의해 발생된다. 돌발상황의 주요 원인은 교통사고로 알려져 있다. 따라서 교통사고 시 사고처리시간을 정확하게 예측하는 것은 돌발상황 관리에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 전국고속도로의 2008-2014년 총 7년치(60,473건)의 사고 자료를 이용하였다. 사고처리시간 예측모형은 과거의 교통사고 이력자료를 바탕으로 비모수모형인 KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) 알고리즘을 활용하였다. 사고자료 현황 분석결과 사고등급별로 사고처리시간에 미치는 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 사고처리시간은 사고등급별로 분류하여 모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 현재 발생한 사고의 교통상황과 도로 기하구조를 반영하기 위하여 교통량, 차로수, 시간대를 구분하여 데이터를 추출하였다. 추출된 데이터 중 현재 교통사고와 유사한 사고를 검색하기 위하여 사고처리시간에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 상태간 거리 산정을 위해서 세부항목별 가중치를 산정하였다. 가중치산정은 정규분포 표준화방법을 적용하였고, 이를 통해 사고처리시간을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형의 예측결과는 기존의 연구들의 결과에 비해 낮은 예측오차(MAPE)를 보여 모형의 우수성을 입증할 수 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 고속도로의 돌발상황 발생 시 효율적인 고속도로의 운영관리에 기여할 수 있고, 기존의 모형들이 갖고 있던 한계를 개선 및 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Nonrecurrent congestion of freeway was primarily caused by incident. The main cause of incident was known as a traffic accident. Therefore, accurate prediction of traffic incident clearance time is very important in accident management. Traffic accident data on freeway during year 2008 to year 2014 period were analyzed for this study. KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor) algorithm was hired for developing incident clearance time prediction model with the historical traffic accident data. Analysis result of accident data explains the level of accident significantly affect on the incident clearance time. For this reason, incident clearance time was categorized by accident level. Data were sorted by classification of traffic volume, number of lanes and time periods to consider traffic conditions and roadway geometry. Factors affecting incident clearance time were analyzed from the extracted data for identifying similar types of accident. Lastly, weight of detail factors was calculated in order to measure distance metric. Weight was calculated with applying standard method of normal distribution, then incident clearance time was predicted. Prediction result of model showed a lower prediction error(MAPE) than models of previous studies. The improve model developed in this study is expected to contribute to the efficient highway operation management when incident occurs.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chang H. L., Chang T. P. (2013), Prediction of Freeway Incident Duration based on Classification Tree Analysis, Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 9, 1964-1977.
  2. Chang H., Park D., Lee S., Lee H. Baek S. (2010), Dynamic Multi-interval Bus Travel Time Prediction Using Bus Transit Data, Transportmetrica, 6(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600902929591
  3. Chung Y. S., Song S. K., Choi K. C. (2007), A Prediction Model on Freeway Accident Duration Using AFT Survival Analysis, J. Korean Soc. Transp., 25(5), Korean Society of Transportation, 135-148.
  4. Devijver P. (1982), Statistical Pattern Recognition, Applications of Pattern Recognition, K. S. Fu, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 15-36.
  5. Friedrich M., Lohmiller J. (2012), Factors Influencing the Travel Time Reliability of Motorway Section, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium Networks for Mobility, Stuttgart.
  6. Gaetano V., Maria L., Domenico C. (2010), A Comparative Study of Models for the Incident Duration Prediction, Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 2, 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-010-0031-4
  7. Ha O. K., Park D. J., Won J. M., Jung C. H. (2010), The prediction Models for Clearance Times for the unexpected Incidences According to Traffic Accident Classification in Highway, The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems, 9(1), 101-110.
  8. Lee K. Y., Seo I. K., Park M. S., Chang M. S. (2012), A Study on the Influencing Factors for Incident Duration Time by Expressway Accident, International Journal of Highway Engineering, 14(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7855/IJHE.2012.14.1.085
  9. Qi Y., Smith B. L. (2004), Identifying Nearest Neighbors in a Large-Scale Incident Data Archive, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1879, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.3141/1879-11
  10. Qing H., Yiannis K., Klayut J, Laura W. (2011), A Hybrid Tree and Quantile Regression Method for Incident Duration Prediction, TRB 91th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
  11. Shin C. H., Kim J. H. (2002), Development of Freeway Incident Duration Prediction Models, J. Korean Soc. Transp., 20(3), Korean Society of Transportation, 17-30.
  12. Smith B., Williams B., Oswald R. (2002), Comparison of Parametric and Nonparametric Models for Traffic Flow Forecasting, Transportation Research Part C, 10, 303-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-090X(02)00009-8
  13. Wang S., Li R., Guo M. (2015), Application of Nonparametric Regression in Predicting Traffic Incident Duration, TRANSPORT, in press.
  14. Yakowitz S. (1987), Nearest-neighbor Methods for Time-series Analysis, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 8(2), 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.1987.tb00435.x

피인용 문헌

  1. Cox 모형을 활용한 고속도로 사고 처리시간 영향인자 분석 vol.37, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2017.37.6.1017
  2. 자율주행자동차의 윤리적 선택에 따른 교통사고비용 분석 vol.17, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12815/kits.2018.17.6.224
  3. LightGBM 알고리즘을 활용한 고속도로 교통사고심각도 예측모델 구축 vol.15, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2020.15.6.1123
  4. Application of the Bayesian Model Averaging in Analyzing Freeway Traffic Incident Clearance Time for Emergency Management vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671983
  5. 머신러닝 기반의 수도권 지역 고령운전자 차대사람 사고심각도 분류 연구 vol.19, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2021.19.4.025
  6. 돌발상황 처리시간 예측을 위한 영향요인 분석 및 SMOGN-DNN 모델 개발 vol.20, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12815/kits.2021.20.4.46