DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Landscape Evaluation Indicators for Agricultural and Fishery Heritage

농어업유산의 경관 평가 지표 연구

  • Choi, Woo-Young (Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-chan (College of Art and Design, KyungHee University)
  • 최우영 (경희대학교 일반대학원 환경조경학과) ;
  • 김동찬 (경희대학교 예술.디자인대학)
  • Received : 2015.07.27
  • Accepted : 2015.09.24
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to deduce the landscape evaluation indices that can be applied from the preparation for the registration of major national farm/fishery heritages to post-management. For this purpose, the Delphi survey was performed on experts. From August to November in 2014, the primary open survey, secondary open survey, and tertiary closed survey were performed to gather opinions from 28 experts, 25 experts, and 29 experts, respectively. As a result, the landscape evaluation indices for farm/fishery heritage consisted of five areas of evaluation, ten items of evaluation, and 40 indices of evaluation. The areas of evaluation were rurality, authenticity, aesthetics, tourism potentials, and locality. Rurality was classified into rurality of farm/fishery towns and nostalgia. Authenticity was classified into objective authenticity and existential authenticity. Aesthetics was classified into attractiveness and harmony. Tourism potentials were classified into value of resources and value of usability. Locality was divided into physical originality and cultural identity. The study made the following findings: first, the general grounds of farm/fishery landscape evaluation cannot be applied when evaluating the quality of landscapes of farm/fishery heritage, as their value as a cultural heritage should be considered. Second, the new indices valued emotional factors in addition to the physical factors considered by the existing farm/fishery landscapes. The new indices involved a more expanded concept of landscapes as it also considers everyday or temporary activities, including the farm/fishery activities of local people or participation in festivals and experience programs. Third, farm/fishery heritage focuses on the lives of local people, as it involves both the synchronic and the diachronic perspectives to see what is currently visible and what is no longer visible. This brings into consideration not only the farms and the natural environments but also their relationships with the villages, especially the residential areas. Finally, the indices reflected both the farm/fishery heritage's value as cultural heritage and its value for tourism. They derived temporary and dynamic landscapes, including the trading activities of local specialty markets in relation to the production landscapes. However, further studies should be conducted as this study could not rate the relative importance of indices or compare the total scores of landscapes without the weight of each item.

본 연구의 목적은 국가중요농어업유산의 등재 준비 단계부터 사후 관리까지 적용이 가능한 경관 평가 지표를 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전문가들을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시하였으며, 2014년 8월부터 11월까지 1차 개방형, 2차 개방형, 3차 폐쇄형으로 진행하였고, 1차 28명, 2차 25명, 3차 29명의 전문가 의견을 연구에 활용하였다. 그 결과, 농어업유산의 경관 평가 지표는 평가영역 5개, 평가항목 10개, 평가지표 40개로 구성되었다. 평가영역은 향토성, 진정성, 심미성, 관광잠재력, 지역성이었고, 향토성은 농어촌성과 향수성, 진정성은 객관적 진정성과 실존적 진정성, 심미성은 매력성과 조화성, 관광잠재력은 자원가치성과 활용가치성, 지역성은 물리적 고유성과 문화적 정체성으로 분류되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 시사점은 첫째, 농어업유산의 경관의 질을 평가할 때에는 유산으로서의 가치를 고려해야 한다는 점에서 일반 농어업 경관 평가 준거를 그대로 준용할 수 없음이 규명되었다. 둘째 기존의 농어업 경관에서 주목하고 있는 물리적 요인뿐 아니라, 정서적 요인을 중시하고 있었고, 주민이 농어업활동이나 축제 체험 등 행사에 참여하는 일상적이거나 일시적인 액티비티를 경관 평가 항목으로 포함하고 있다는 점에서 기존의 경관 평가 지표에서보다 확장된 경관 개념을 포함하였다. 셋째, 농어업유산은 그 순간 경작지에서 보이는 공시적 관점뿐 아니라, 눈에 보이지 않는 시간까지 포함한 통시적 관점을 포함한다는 관점에서 주민들의 삶에 주목하게 되고, 따라서 경작지와 자연환경은 물론이고, 마을경관 특히 주거지와의 관계성에 의미를 두고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 끝으로 농어업유산의 핵심 요소인 유산적 가치 측면과 관광적 활용 측면이 모두 반영되었고, 생산경관과 관련된 특산물 판매장의 사고파는 활동을 포함한 일시적이고 동태적인 경관들이 지표로서 도출되었다는 점에서 차별화되었다. 그러나 본 연구는 각 항목 간의 가중치가 도출되지 않아, 상대적 중요도를 알 수 없고, 경관의 총점을 비교할 수 없다는 한계점이 있으므로 이에 대한 연구가 후행되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, W. Y. and B. W. Min(2014) An analysis on the measurement items to assess the landscape value of agriculture and fisheries heritage. Rural Planning 20(4): 89-99.
  2. Chun, M. S.(2006) A study on the characteristic points of the tourism resources on the historical sites. Journal of the Korea Contents Association 6(1): 93-101.
  3. Gracht, H. A. v. d(2008) The future of Logistics, Soenario for 2025; Gabler.
  4. Han, M. Y.(2010) A Comparative Study on the Attributes of Cultural Heritage for Tourism between Korea and China. MS Thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul.
  5. Jang, S. G.(2013) The agriculture heritage, heritage tourism, and ecomuseum: A study on application of ecomuseum for linking agriculture heritage to regional revitalization. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Community Development 20(4): 989-1021. https://doi.org/10.12653/jecd.2013.20.4.0989
  6. Jung, M. C., H. Y. Moon and M. H. Kim(2014) A study on the classification scheme of the rural intangible heritage according to GIAHS. Journal of Agricultural History 13(1): 52-84.
  7. Kang, Y. E.(2008) A Study on the Indicators for Visual Landscape Planning of Landscape Agricultural Region. MS Thesis, Seoul University, Seoul.
  8. Kang, Y. E. and S. B. Lim(2010) A study on the criteria for visual landscape planning of landscape agricultural region. Rural Planning 16(3): 134-157.
  9. Kim, D. C. and W. Y. Choi(2014) IPA study for grasping landscape potentiality of Cheongsando designated as an agricultural and fisheries heritage. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42(4): 76-88. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2014.42.4.076
  10. Kim, E. J. and Y. H. Lee(2007) A study on the development of evaluation criteria for rural amenity. Rural Planning 19(3): 107-116.
  11. Kim, E. J., W. I. Jeong, Y. K. Lee and C. S. Lim(2014) Development of evaluation indicators for maintenance and preservation of agriculture and rural heritage. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Community Development 21(4): 1191-1226. https://doi.org/10.12653/jecd.2014.21.4.1191
  12. Kim, J. S. and H. Lee(2009) An evaluation of the quality and level of satisfaction on royal palace tourism: Focusing on authentic experience and HISTOQUAL. Journal of Tourism Science 33(6): 33-54.
  13. Kim, K. I.(2005) A study on rural landscape management and policy directions. Research Report to Korea Environment Institute.
  14. Kim, R. G.(2005) New evolution of cultural landscapes in cultural heritages conservation. Journal of Architectural History 14(4): 288-304.
  15. Kim, S. B.(2009) A study on the rural landscape evaluation indicators for preservation and management. Research Report to Rural Development Administration.
  16. Kim, S. B., B. H. Kang and H. M. Kim(2006) Analysis of rural landscape's characteristics by using OECD agriculture landscape indicator. Research Report to Rural Development Administration.
  17. Lawshe, C. H.(1975) A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Pachology 28(4): 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  18. Lee, J. H.(2014) A Study on the System of the Design Competition of Landscape Architecture: The Limitations and Possibilities. Ph D. Dissertation, Hanyang University, Seoul.
  19. Lee, J. H. and S. H. Choi(2013) An analysis on the problems of design competition process of landscape architecture by the Delphi analysis method. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 41(3): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2013.41.3.083
  20. Lee, S. W.(1987) A Study on the Usefulness of Delphi Technique. Ph D. Dissertation, Chonbuk University, Jeonju.
  21. Park, J. J., S. B. Kim, and E. C. Lee(2013) Adoption and future tasks of nationally important agricultural heritage system for agricultural and rural resources conservation. Rural Planning 19(4): 161-175. https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2013.19.4.161
  22. Park, Y. H.(2012) A study on the establishment of designation criteria for agricultural heritage and management system. Research Report to EKR.
  23. Son, H. G., S. B. Kim and Y. G. Shin(2012) A overseas case study for institutionalization of the agricultural and rural heritage in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy 39(4): 841-869.
  24. Suh, J. H. and J. H. Seung(2010) A study on the psychological characteristics assesment for agricultural landscape. Rural Planning 16(4): 33-43.
  25. Yoon, W. K. and S. I. Choi(2012) Establishment of the agriculture and fisheries heritage system in Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Agricultural Extension 19(2): 465-495.
  26. CEMAT(2003) European Rural Heritage Guide.
  27. Parviz Koohafkan(2011) Conservation and adaptive management of GIAHS. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2(1): 22-28.
  28. Parviz Koohafkan and Miguel Altieri(2011a) GIAHS-A Legacy for the Future. Research Report to FAO.
  29. Parviz Koohafkan and Miguel Altieri(2011b) A methodological framework for the dynamic conservation of GIAHS. Research Report to FAO.
  30. Wang, N.(1999) Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research 26(2): 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0
  31. Yehong Suna, Myriam Jansen-Verbekeb, Qingwen Mina and Shengkui Chenga(2011) Tourismpotential of agricultural heritage system. Tourism Geographies 13(1): 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2010.516400
  32. www.fao.org
  33. www.fao.or.kr
  34. http://www.ihalla.com/read.php3?aid=1396583299459574073