DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Roles of Money's Pride and Surprise Tag on the Use of Money

  • Liu, Cong (Marketing Management School, Liaoning Technical University) ;
  • Choi, Nak Hwan (Dept. of Business Administration, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2015.03.18
  • Accepted : 2015.10.15
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

The present research examined the interesting but less attended effects of pride- and surprise-tagged money on consumers' spending decisions. Focusing on the unexpected money received in their daily life, we explored recipient's judgments and responses toward pride-tagged money versus surprise-tagged, and identified differences in types of recipient's consumption and spending behaviors between the pride- tagged money and the surprise-tagged money. Consumers tend to use the money associated with pride (vs. surprise) to reward their invested effort; as a result, they were more likely to buy a personal gift. Moreover, in the context of self-gift, consumers with pride-tagged money have showed a bigger positive difference between the intent to buy individual self-expressive products and the intent to buy social self-expressive products than those with surprise-tagged money. And the receipt of pride-tagged money activates motivation to express one's individual self. Consumers who have received a sum of extra money tend to add the money into the current spendable income account and broaden the array of product category. And consumers with high arousal level of surprise triggered by receiving a sum of unpredictable money because of good luck show a smaller difference between the intent to buy individual self-expressive product and the intent to buy social self-expressive product than those with low level arousal in pride. Therefore, marketers should advertise their products in the respects of individual self-expression when their customers have pride-tagged money, and should advertise their products in the respects of social self-identity when they have surprise-tagged money by winning a large sum of unpredicted money like lottery winning.

Keywords

References

  1. Aaker, Jennifer L. (1999), "The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-Expression in Persuasion," Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (February), 355-362.
  2. Aaker, Jennifer L. and Patti Williams (1998), "Empathy versus Pride: The Influence of Emotional Appeals across Cultures," Journal of Consumer Research, 25 (3), 241-261.
  3. Arkes, Hal R. and Catherine Blumer (1985), "Psychology of Sunk Cost," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35 (1), 124-140.
  4. Arkes, Hal R., Cynthia A. Joyner, Mark V. Pezzo, Jane Gradwohl Nash, Karen Siegel-Jacobs, and Eric Stone (1994), "The Psychology of Windfall Gains," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59 (September), 331-347.
  5. Berger, Jonah and Chip Heath (2007), "Where Consumers Diverge from Others: Identity Signaling and Product Domains," Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (August), 121-134.
  6. Bhattacharjee, Amit, Jonah Berger, and Geeta Menon (2014), "When Identity Marketing Backfires: Consumer Agency in Identity Expression," Journal of Consumer Research, 41 (August), 294-309.
  7. Bower, Amanda B. (2001), "Highly Attractive Models in Advertising and Women Who Loathe Them: The Implementations of Negative Affect for Spokesperson Effectiveness," Journal of Advertising, 30 (3), 51-63.
  8. Chernev, Alexander, Ryan Hamilton, and David Gal (2011), "Competing for Consumer Identity: Limits to Self-Expression and the Perils of Lifestyle Branding," Journal of Marketing, 75 (May), 66-82.
  9. Cota, Albert A. and Kenneth L. Dion (1986), "Salience of Gender and Sex Composition of Ad Hoc Groups: An Experimental Test of Distinctiveness Theory," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 (4), 770-776.
  10. Dodds, William B., Kent B. Monroe, and Dhruv Grewal (19991), "The Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers' Product Evaluation," Journal of Marketing Research, 28 (August), 307-319.
  11. Epley, Nicholas and Ayelet Gneezy (2007), "The Framing of Financial Windfalls and Implications for Public Policy," Journal of Socio-Economics, 36 (1), 36-47.
  12. Faure, Corinne and David Glen Mick (1993), "Self-Gifts Through the Lens of Attribution Theory," Advances in Consumer Research, 20 (1), 553-556.
  13. Fedorikhin, Alexander and Vanessa M. Patrick (2010), "Positive Mood and Resistance to Temptation: The Interfering Influence of Elevated Arousal," Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (December), 698-711.
  14. Fenigstein, Allan, Michael F. Scheier, and Arnold H. Buss (1975), "Public and Private SelfConsciousness: Assessment and Theory," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43 (4), 331-337.
  15. Frijda, Nico H. (2005), "Emotion Experience," Cognition and Emotion, 19 (June), 473-497.
  16. Gorn, Gerald, Michel Tuan Pham, and Leo Yatming Sin (2001), "When Arousal Influences Ad Evaluation and Valence Does Not (and Vice Versa)," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11 (1), 43-55.
  17. Goukens, Caroline, Siegfried Dewitte, and Luk Warlop (2009), "Me, Myself, and My Choices: The Influence of Private Self-Awareness on Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 46 (October), 682-692.
  18. Gourville, John T. and Dilip Soman (1998), "Payment Depreciation: the Behavioral Effects of Temporally Separating Payments From Consumption," Journal of Consumer Research, 25 (2), 160-174.
  19. Han, Seunghee, Jennifer S. Lerner, and Dacher Keltner (2007), "Feelings and Consumer Decision Making: The Appraisal-Tendency Framework," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17 (3), 158-168.
  20. Heath, Chip and Jack B. Soll (1996), "Mental Budgeting and Consumer Decisions," Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (June), 40-52.
  21. Henderson, W. Pamela and Robert A. Peterson (1992), "Mental Accounting and Categorization," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51 (February), 92-117.
  22. Izard, Carroll E. (1977), Human Emotions, New York: Plenum Press.
  23. Keltner, Dacher, Jonathan Haidt, and Michelle N. Shiota (2006), "Social Functionalism and the Evolution of Emotions," in Evolution and Social Psychology, ed. Mark Schaller, Douglas T. Kenrick, and Jeffry A. Simpson, New York: Psychology Press, 115-142.
  24. Lazarus, Richard S. (1991), "Emotion and Adaptation," New York: Oxford University Press.
  25. Lerner, Jennifer S. and Dacher Keltner (2000), "Beyond Valence: Toward a Model of Emotion-Specific Influences on Judgment and Choice," Cognition and Emotion, 14 (4), 473-493.
  26. Levav, Jonathan and Peter A. Mcgraw (2009), "Emotional Accounting: How Feelings About Money Influence Consumer Choice," Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (February), 66-80.
  27. Maimaran, Michal and Itamar Simonson (2011), "Multiple Routes to Self- Versus OtherExpression in Consumer Choice," Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (August), 755-766.
  28. McGraw, A. Peter, Philip E. Tetlock, and Orie V. Kristel (2003), "The Limits of Fungibility: Relational Schemata and the Value of Things," Journal of Consumer Research, 30 (September), 219-229.
  29. Reisenzein, Rainer, Wulf-Uwe Meyer, and Achim Schutzwohl (1996), "Reactions to Surprising Events: A Paradigm for Emotion Research," in Proceedings of the 9th conference of the International Society for Research on Emotions, 292-296.
  30. Mick, David Glen and Michelle DeMoss (1990), "Self-Gifts: Phenomenological Insights from Four Contexts," Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (3), 322-332.
  31. Mischel, Walter, Brian Coates, and Antonette Raskoff (1968), "Effects of Success and Failure on Self-Gratification," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10 (4), 381-390.
  32. O'Curry, Suzanne (1997), "Income Source Effects," working paper, Depaul University, Chicago, Illinois.
  33. O'Curry, Suzanne and Michal Strahilevitz (2001), "Probability and Mode of Acquisition Effects on Choices Between Hedonic and Utilitarian Options," Marketing Letters, 12 (1), 37-49.
  34. Park, Sehoon and Moon-Yong Kim (2005), "The Impact of Attribute Importance in the Effects of Option Framing on Choice: Budget Range and Justification as Moderators of Loss Aversion," Psychology and Marketing, 29 (10), 726-737.
  35. Prelec, Drazen and George Loewenstein (1998), "The Red and the Black: Mental Accounting of Savings and Debt," Marketing Science, 17 (1), 4-28.
  36. Raghunathan, Rajagopal and Michel Tuan Pham (1999), "All Negative Moods Are Not Equal: Motivational Influences of Anxiety and Sadness in Decision Making," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79 (1), 56-77.
  37. Reed II, Americus, Mark R. Forehand, Stefano Puntoni, and Luk Warlop (2012), "Identitybased Consumer Behavior," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29 (4), 310-321.
  38. Reisenzein, Rainer, Wulf-Uwe Meyer, and Achim Schutzwohl (1996), "Reactions to Surprising Events: A Paradigm for Emotion Research," in Proceedings of the 9th conference of the International Society for Research on Emotions, N. Frijda, ed., Toronto: ISRE, 292-296.
  39. Richins, Marsha L. (1997), "Measuring Emotions in the Consumption Experiences," Journal of Consumer Research, 24 (September), 127-146.
  40. Shefrin, Hersh and Meir Statman (1985), "The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long," Journal of Finance, 40 (3), 777-790.
  41. Shefrin, Hersh and Richard H. Thaler (1992), "Mental Accounting, Saving, and Self-Control," in Choice Over Time, George F. Loewenstein and Jon Elster, eds. New York: Russell Sage, 187-330.
  42. Shim, Soyeon and Mary Ann Eastlick (1998), "The Hierarchical Influence of Personal Values on Mall Shopping Attitude and Behavior," Journal of Retailing, 74 (1), 139-160.
  43. Simonson (1990), "The Effect of Purchase Quantity and Timing on Variety-Seeking Behavior," Journal of Marketing Research, 27 (May), 150-162.
  44. Smith, Craig A. and Phoeb C. Ellsworth, (1985), "Patterns of Cognitive Appraisal in Emotion," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 (4), 813-838.
  45. Thaler, Richard H. (1980), "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1 (1), 39-60.
  46. Thaler, Richard H. (1985), "Mental Accounting and Consumer Choice," Marketing Science, 4 (Summer), 119-214.
  47. Thaler, Richard H. (1999), "Mental Accounting Matters," Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12 (September), 183-206.
  48. Tracy, Jessica L. and Richard W. Robins (2004), "Putting the Self into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model," Psychological Inquiry, 15 (2), 103-125.
  49. Weiss, Liad and Gita V. Johar (2013), "Egocentric Categorization and Product Judgment" Seeing Your Traits in What you Own (and Their Opposite in What you Don't)," Journal of Consumer Research, 40 (June), 185-201.
  50. Wilcox, Keith, Thomas Kramer, and Sankar Sen (2011), "Indulgence or Self-Control: A Dual Process Model of the Effect of Incidental Pride on Indulgent Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 38 (June), 151-163.
  51. Winterich, Karen P. and Michael J. Barone (2011), "Warm Glow or Cold, Hard Cash? Social Identity Effects on Consumer Choice for Donation Versus Discount Promotions," Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (October), 855-868.