References
- Tak PP, Firestein GS. 2001. NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Invest 107: 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI11830
- Fujihara M, Muroi M, Tanamoto K, Suzuki T, Azuma H, Ikeda H. 2003. Molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation by lipopolysaccharide: roles of the receptor complex. Pharmacol Ther 100: 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.08.003
- Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. 2006. Anti-inflammatory activity of a high-molecular-weight cranberry fraction on macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathogens. J Dent Res 85: 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500306
-
Muller CE, Khoo C, Percival SS. 2010. Cranberry polyphenols down-regulate the toll-like receptor 4 pathway and NF-
${\kappa}B$ activation, while still enhancing tumor necrosis factor${\alpha}$ secretion. FASEB J 24: 332.2. - Chapple IL. 1997. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol 24: 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00760.x
- Hemnani T, Parihar MS. 1998. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 42:440-452.
- Widen C, Ekholm A, Piwowar-Zail D, Rumpunen K. 2010. Antioxidant activity of polyphenol rich fruits on human erythrocytes. Abstract No. 926 presented at XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People International Symposium, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Kim YH, Lee MJ, Lee HS, Kim JG, Park WH. 2011. Suppressive effect of Euryale ferox salisbury extracts on inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the antioxidative mechanism. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology 25: 202-211.
- Ciz M, Pavelkova M, Gallova L, Kralova J, Kubala L, Lojek A. 2008. The influence of wine polyphenols on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by murine macrophages RAW 264.7. Physiol Res 57: 393-402.
- Youdim KA, McDonald J, Kalt W, Joseph JA. 2002. Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults. J Nutr Biochem 13: 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00221-2
- Singh AP, Wilson T, Kalk AJ, Cheong J, Vorsa N. 2009. Isolation of specific cranberry flavonoids for biological activity assessment. Food Chem 16: 963-968.
- Reed J. 2002. Cranberry flavonoids, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 42: 301-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390209351919
- Neto CC. 2007. Cranberry and blueberry: evidence for protective effects against cancer and vascular diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 51: 652-664. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600279
- Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. 2007. Cranberry components inhibit interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and prostaglandin E2 production by lipopolysaccharide-activated gingival fibroblasts Eur J Oral Sci 115: 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00415.x
- La VD, Labrecque J, Grenier D. 2009. Cytoprotective effect of proanthocyanidin-rich cranberry fraction against bacterial cell wall-mediated toxicity in macrophages and epithelial cells. Phytother Res 23: 1449-1452. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2799
- Kim MJ, Ohn J, Kim JH, Kwak HK. 2011. Effects of freezedried cranberry powder on serum lipids and inflammatory markers in lipopolysaccharide treated rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutr Res Pract 5: 404-411. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.404
- Lacombe A, Wu VC, Tyler S, Edwards K. 2010. Antimicrobial action of the American cranberry constituents; phenolics, anthocyanins, and organic acids, against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Int J Food Microbiol 139: 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.035
- Kalt W, MacKinnon S, McDonald JE, Vinqvist M, Craft CA, Howell A. 2008. Phenolics of Vaccinium berries and other fruit crops. J Sci Food Agric 88: 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2991
- Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65: 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
- Lai YS, Hsu WH, Huang JJ, Wu SC. 2012. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) extracts on hydrogen peroxide- and lipopolysaccharidetreated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 3: 1294-1301. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo30120b
- Jung H, Kwak HK, Hwang KT. 2014. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin- 3-rutinoside in hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharidetreated RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 23: 2053-2062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-014-0279-x
- Yen GC, Lai HH, Chou HY. 2001. Nitric oxide-scavenging and antioxidant effects of Uraria crinita root. Food Chem 74: 471-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00165-0
- Sangha V. 2012. Proanthocyanidin-rich cranberry-fractioninduced alteration of periodontal pathogen lipopolysaccharide functions. MS Thesis. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Kim MJ, Chung JY, Kim JH, Kwak HK. 2013. Effects of cranberry powder on biomarkers of oxidative stress and glucose control in db/db mice. Nutr Res Pract 7: 430-438. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.6.430