Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ideological Background of Paving Patterns of Classical Gardens in Suzhou, China

중국 쑤저우 고전원림 포장문양의 사상적 배경 고찰

  • Niu, Zi-Chi (Graduate School of Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Ahn, Gye-Bog (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 뉴쯔츠 (대구가톨릭대학교 대학원) ;
  • 안계복 (대구가톨릭대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2015.07.17
  • Accepted : 2015.09.14
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Compared to pavement of Chinese palace gardens, those of private gardens in south part of the Yangtze River(長江) in China shows variety of patterns. In order to figure out what causes the difference in paving pattern, this article focuses on the traditional Chinese ideologies during the all time. An analysis on 'Classical Gardens of Suzhou', which has been designated as UNESCO World Heritage, was used to determine how ideologies have influence on paving pattern of Classical Gardens. As a result, various Chinese ideologies such as Nature worship, Totemism, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Folk Culture were found in paving patterns of the private gardens. Pattern of sun in the Retreat & Reflection Garden(Toisawon) is an example of Nature worship among primitive beliefs of ancient China. Phoenix pattern of the Couple's Retreat Garden(Ouyuan, Liuyuan) reflects Totemistic beliefs. Confucianism is the underlying philosophy of Eight Square pattern, Six Square pattern, and Cross Square pattern. These patterns were mainly used to pave large area and easily found in many gardens. Patterns reflect Taoism are "Wufu holding life" pattern(the Five blessing holding life, 五福捧壽), Flat peach pattern, and Alluding Eight Immortals pattern. Paving patterns related to Buddhism are patterns of 'Eight treasures' and Endless knot pattern appears most frequently since it expresses concept of reincarnation well. Paving patterns shows folk culture and beliefs of the time in China are bat, butterfly, dragonfly, frog, carp, and coin(ingot).

중국 강남지방 고전 사가원림의 포장문양은 황가원림보다 종류도 다양하고 변화도 많다. 쑤저우 사가원림에서 다양한 문양을 도입하게 된 사상적 배경을 규명하기 위해서 세계문화유산으로 지정된 9개소의 원림을 조사 분석하였다. 그 결과 원시 자연숭배신앙인 애니미즘과 토테미즘의 영향은 소수로 나타났다. 쑤저우 고전원림 포장문양 가운데 큰 영향을 미친 것은 유교, 도교, 불교 사상인 것으로 나타났다. 유교 사상이 나타난 사례는 간방식, 팔방식, 육방식 문양으로 주로 진입로나 정당건물 앞에 넓은 면적에 포설된다. 도교 사상이 나타나는 문양은 오복봉수(五福捧壽), 반도(蟠桃), 암팔선 문양이다. 불교 사상이 나타나는 사례는 팔보 문양인데 그 가운데 윤회사상을 나타내는 반장 문양이 제일 많이 나타난다. 이밖에 쑤저우 고전원림 포장 문양 76 종류 가운데에는 복(福), 재물, 다산(多産), 신분상승을 기원하는 의미에서 선호하고 믿었던 민속문화라는 범주의 문양들이 있다. 박쥐, 나비, 잠자리, 사슴, 개구리, 금섬, 잉어, 동전 등이 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Liu D.(劉敦楨 1987). Classical Suzhou Garden. China archi- tecture industry publish. p.5
  2. Ren S.(任素華 2006). A Cultural Interpretation of Pavement Landscape.
  3. Zuo M.(左沐漣 2007). Classical Gardens decorative paving ground study.: 18
  4. Min, K. H. and Jang, M. A.(1991). The Constitution and View Interpretation of Traditional Chinese Gardens(1). Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 9(2): 47-78.
  5. Kim, T. K. and Ren, G. C.(2007). A Study on Garden in the North and Garden on the Yangtze Delta in China by Yuan ye. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 25(2): 25-36.
  6. Niu Z.C. and Ahn, G. B.(2014). Classical Gardens of Paving in Shuzhou in China. 2014 Autumn Conference of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. pp.76-80.
  7. Niu Z.C.(牛子墀 2015). A Study on the Characteristics of Paving Patterns of Private Gardens in Suzhou in China. Catholic University of Daegu. Master's Thesis. pp.57-59.
  8. Amos R.(1969). House Form and Culture. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
  9. Wu B. A.(烏丙安 2012). Folk-beliefs of China. Shanghai Renmin Press. p.66
  10. Wikipedia Homepage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou
  11. Cao L.(曹林娣 2009). Suzhou Garden Paving. Huangshan Press. pp.43-50.
  12. http://blog.hani.co.kr/anstnqksdi/3999