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Prediction of Quality of Life among the Elderly at Care Facilities for the Elderly according to Health States, Physical and Cognitive Functions, and Social Supports-Focused on D Metropolitan City

노인요양시설 노인의 건강상태, 신체적, 정신적 기능, 사회적 지지에 따른 삶의 질 예측요인-D 광역시를 중심으로-

  • Received : 2015.04.16
  • Accepted : 2015.07.16
  • Published : 2015.07.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate relations among the quality of life, health states, physical functions, cognitive functions, and social supports of the elderly at care facilities. The subjects include the elderly that were living in care facilities in some urban areas and aged 65 or older. The data of total 260 old people were used in analysis. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The elderly at care facilities, who were considered as physically and cognitive vulnerable, scored higher means on quality of life when they were satisfied with the length of stay and sleeping state, had higher subjective health states, had no tooth inconvenience and forgetfulness, suffered from a lower level of depression, had better cognitive functions, and received higher social supports. Quality of life had correlations with the sleeping state(r=-.20, p<.001), subjective health state(r=-.24, p<.001)s, depression(r=-.30, p<.001), and social supports(r=.30, p<.001). Social supports(${\beta}=.30$, p<.001), depression(${\beta}=-.25$, p<.001), subjective health states(${\beta}=-.22$, p<.001), length of stay(${\beta}=-.22$, p<.001), and sleeping state(${\beta}=-.12$, p=.025) turned out to predict the quality of life of the elderly at care facilities and have close relations with it. In short, the quality of life of the elderly is related to many different factors at care facilities. The findings indicate that nursing interventions and managements for quality of life require a mental and social approach or a whole person approach with a focus on the understanding of individual senior citizens rather than on physical activities and diseases.

본 연구는 요양시설 노인들의 삶의 질과 건강상태, 신체적 기능, 정신적 기능, 사회적 지지의 관련성을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 일부 도시 지역에서 요양시설에 거주하는 만 65세 이상의 노인을 대상으로 하였다. 분석대상은 260명 이었고, 자료는 기술적 통계, t-tset, ANOVA, pearson correlation과 stepwise multiple regression으로 분석 하였다. 그 결과 매우 취약한 대상군인 요양시설 노인들의 삶의 질은 입주기간과 수면상태가 만족스러운 경우, 주관적 건강상태가 높은 경우, 치아 부자유함이 없는 경우, 건망증이 없는 경우, 우울이 낮을수록, 인지기능이 좋을수록, 사회적 지지가 높을수록 삶의 질 평균이 높게 나타났다. 삶의 질과의 상관관계에서는 수면상태(r=-.20, p<.001)와 주관적 건강상태(r=-.24, p<.001), 우울(r=-.30, p<.001), 사회적 지지(r=.30, p<.001)와 상관관계가 있었다. 요양시설 노인들의 삶의 질 예측 요인으로는 사회적지지(${\beta}=.30$, p<.001), 우울(${\beta}=-.25$, p<.001), 주관적 건강상태(${\beta}=-.22$, p<.001), 입소기간(${\beta}=-.22$, p<.001), 수면상태(${\beta}=-.12$, p=.025)가 삶의 질과 밀접하게 관련되고 예측요인임을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 요양시설 노인들의 삶의 질은 여러 요인이 관련되어 있으며, 삶의 질에 대한 간호중재 및 관리는 신체적 활동이나 질병관리와 함께 정신적, 사회적 접근이 필요하며 노인의 개별적 이해를 중점으로 전인적 접근이 중요하다고 하겠다.

Keywords

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