DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of combined intervention of isoflavone supplementation and exercise on bone metabolism in growing rats

이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행이 성장기 쥐의 골격대사에 미치는 영향

  • Jung, Yun-Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Ja (Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University)
  • 정윤정 (계명대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최미자 (계명대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2015.03.12
  • Accepted : 2015.04.09
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the effects of combined intervention of isoflavones and exercise on bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and biochemical bone markers. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups; Control, Isoflavones (IF), Isoflavones + Running (IFR), and Isoflavones + Swimming (IFS). All of the rats in this study were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for nine weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin.) in spine and femur nine weeks after feeding or training. Results: The combined intervention did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum concentrations of ALP and osteocalcin were not significantly different by combined intervention. The urinary DPD crosslinks values were not significantly different by combined intervention. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, calcitonin, and estradiol among all groups. Spine BMD, spine BMC and femur BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. However, femur BMD was significantly higher in the IFR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD, spine BMC, and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the isoflavones supplementation and combined intervention group. In addition, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the IFS group than in the control group. Compared with the isoflavones supplemented group, BMD and BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded that isoflavones supplementation or combined intervention of isoflavone and exercise had a beneficial effect on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing female rats.

이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행이 성장기 암컷 흰쥐의 골격대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 생화학적 골대사 지표 및 골대사 관련 호르몬, 척추와 대퇴 골밀도 및 골함량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 체중증가량과 식이섭취량, 식이효율은 이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행에 따라 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 골형성 지표인 혈중 ALP와 osteocalcin은 이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행에 따라 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 골용해 지표인 요 중 DPD crosslink value는 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 골대사관련 호르몬인 혈중 부갑상선 호르몬, 칼시토닌 및 에스트로겐 농도도 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 척추 골밀도, 척추 골함량 및 대퇴골함량은 이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행에 의해 유의적인 차이가 없었고 대퇴골밀도는 IFR군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 체중당 대퇴골함량은 IFS군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 체중 당 척추골밀도 및 척추골함량, 체중 당 대퇴골밀도는 대조군과 비교하여 이소플라본 단독 보충, 달리기운동 병행, 수영운동 병행 모두 유의적으로 증가하여 실험군내에서 이소플라본 보충과 운동 병행에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었고 운동병행군에서는 운동형태에 따라 달리기와 수영 운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 성장기 쥐에서 이소플라본 보충과 운동의 병행은 이소플라본 단독보충과 비교하여 상승효과는 없었으나 이소플라본의 섭취 및 달리기와 수영운동 병행 각각은 척추 및 대퇴 골밀도와 골함량을 증가시켜 성장기 최대골밀도 형성에 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Robinson JA, Waters KM, Turner RT, Spelsberg TC. Direct action of naturally occurring estrogen metabolites on human osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15(3): 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.499
  2. Hawse JR, Subramaniam M, Monroe DG, Hemmingsen AH, Ingle JN, Khosla S, Oursler MJ, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen receptor beta isoform-specific induction of transforming growth factor betainducible early gene-1 in human osteoblast cells: an essential role for the activation function 1 domain. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22(7): 1579-1595. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0253
  3. Gallagher JC. Advances in bone biology and new treatments for bone loss. Maturitas 2008; 60(1): 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.04.005
  4. Kim NN, Stankovic M, Armagan A, Cushman TT, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Effects of tamoxifen on vaginal blood flow and epithelial morphology in the rat. BMC Womens Health 2006; 6: 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-6-14
  5. North American Menopause Society. Role of progestogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal women: position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2003; 10(2): 113-132. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200310020-00003
  6. Atkinson C, Compston JE, Day NE, Dowsett M, Bingham SA. The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(2): 326-333. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.2.326
  7. Chen YM, Ho SC, Lam SS, Ho SS, Woo JL. Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88(10): 4740-4747. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030290
  8. Picherit C, Chanteranne B, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Barlet JP, Coxam V. Dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of dietary isoflavones in the ovariectomised rat. Br J Nutr 2001; 85(3): 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2000252
  9. Choi MJ, Jung YJ. The effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on bone mineral density in growing female rats. Korean J Nutr 2006; 39(4): 338-346.
  10. Fogelholm GM, Sievanen HT, Kukkonen-Harjula TK, Pasanen ME. Bone mineral density during reduction, maintenance and regain of body weight in premenopausal, obese women. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12(3): 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980170130
  11. Wallace BA, Cumming RG. Systematic review of randomized trials of the effect of exercise on bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2000; 67(1): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223001089
  12. Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y. Effect of treadmill exercise on bone mass in female rats. Exp Anim 2005; 54(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.54.1
  13. Bourrin S, Palle S, Pupier R, Vico L, Alexandre C. Effect of physical training on bone adaptation in three zones of the rat tibia. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10(11): 1745-1752. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650101118
  14. Kohrt WM, Snead DB, Slatopolsky E, Birge SJ Jr. Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10(9): 1303-1311. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650100906
  15. Yeh JK, Aloia JF, Barilla ML. Effects of $17{\beta}$-estradiol replacement and treadmill exercise on vertebral and femoral bones of the ovariectomized rat. Bone Miner 1994; 24(3): 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80139-0
  16. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 1993; 123(11): 1939-1951. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.11.1939
  17. Choi MJ, Cho HJ. Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on bone mineral density in crowing female rats. Korean J Nutr 2003; 36(4): 359-367.
  18. Choi MJ. Effect of exercise and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing female rats. J Community Nutr 2002; 4(3): 195-201.
  19. Hong H, Lee JH, Chung DC, So JM, Nagatomi R, Choi EC, Hwang GH, Ahn EH, Maeng WJ. Influence of various types of exercise on bone formation and resorption in rats. Korean J Nutr 2001; 34(5): 541-546.
  20. Alkaline Phosphatase Study Group; Committee on Standards of the AACC; Subcommittee on Enzymes, Tietz NW, Burtis C, Ervin K, Petitclerc CJ, Rinker AD, Zygowicz E. Progress in the development of a recommended method for alkaline phosphatase activity measurements. Clin Chem 1980; 26(7): 1023.
  21. Nanda N, Joshi H, Subbarao SK, Sharma VP. Two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA): detection, efficiency, and procedural modifications. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1994; 10(2 Pt 1): 225-227.
  22. Xing S, Cekan SZ, Diczfalusy U, Falk O, Gustafsson SA, Akerlof E, Bjorkhem I. Validation of radioimmunoassay for estradiol-17 beta by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry and by a test of radiochemical purity. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 135(2): 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(83)90135-3
  23. Garnero P, Grimaux M, Seguin P, Delmas PD. Characterization of immunoreactive forms of human osteocalcin generated in vivo and in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9(2): 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090215
  24. Wu J, Wang XX, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Takasaki M, Ohta A, Ishimi Y. Combined intervention of exercise and genistein prevented androgen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 94(1): 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00498.2002
  25. Wu J, Wang X, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Nakatani T, Ezaki O, Cui H, Yamada K, Ishimi Y. Combined intervention of soy isoflavone and moderate exercise prevents body fat elevation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Metabolism 2004; 53(7): 942-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.01.019
  26. Cassidy A, Bingham S, Setchell KD. Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60(3): 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/60.3.333
  27. Wu J, Wang XX, Takasaki M, Ohta A, Higuchi M, Ishimi Y. Cooperative effects of exercise training and genistein administration on bone mass in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16(10): 1829-1836. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.10.1829
  28. Nakajima D, Kim CS, Oh TW, Yang CY, Naka T, Igawa S, Ohta F. Suppressive effects of genistein dosage and resistance exercise on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2001; 20(5): 285-291. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.20.285
  29. Layne JE, Nelson ME. The effects of progressive resistance training on bone density: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31(1): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199901000-00006
  30. Bravenboer N, Engelbregt MJ, Visser NA, Popp-Snijders C, Lips P. The effect of exercise on systemic and bone concentrations of growth factors in rats. J Orthop Res 2001; 19(5): 945-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00026-2
  31. Iwamoto J, Yeh JK, Aloia JF. Differential effect of treadmill exercise on three cancellous bone sites in the young growing rat. Bone 1999; 24(3): 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00189-6
  32. Fan J, Molina PE, Gelato MC, Lang CH. Differential tissue regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I content and binding proteins after endotoxin. Endocrinology 1994; 134(4): 1685-1692. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.134.4.7511091
  33. Hart KJ, Shaw JM, Vajda E, Hegsted M, Miller SC. Swim-trained rats have greater bone mass, density, strength, and dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91(4): 1663-1668. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1663

Cited by

  1. Soy Bioactive Components in Functional Perspective: A Review vol.19, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2015.1136936