한국수자원학회논문집 (Journal of Korea Water Resources Association)

  • 제48권7호
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  • Pages.595-604
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  • 2015
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  • 2799-8746(pISSN)
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  • 2799-8754(eISSN)
한국수자원학회 (Korea Water Resources Association)
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급경사면의 세류간 침식에서 빗물튀김과 면상흐름의 상호작용

Interaction between Raindrops Splash and Sheet Flow in Interrill Erosion of Steep Hillslopes

  • 남명준 (강릉원주대학교 방재연구소) ;
  • 박상덕 (강릉원주대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 이승규 (강릉원주대학교 방재연구소) ;
  • 신승숙 (강릉원주대학교 방재연구소)
  • Nam, Myeong Jun (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Sang Deog (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung Kyu (Institute for Disaster Prevention, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Shin, Seung Sook (Institute for Disaster Prevention, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.04.23
  • 심사 : 2015.06.08
  • 발행 : 2015.07.31
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초록

강우에 의한 세류간 토양침식은 운동에너지를 갖는 빗방울이 지표면을 타격하여 발생하는 빗물튀김의 박리현상과 지표유출수의 면상흐름에 의한 토사입자의 운반으로 구분할 수 있다. 강우운동에너지는 토양입자를 토양체로부터 분리시키기 위한 강우의 잠재적인 능력의 지표로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우운동에너지가 세류간 토양침식에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 강우의 충돌을 제어하는 스트립 커버를 이용한 토양침식 강우모의 실험을 수행하였다. 강우모의에 의한 강우운동에너지는 자연강우에 비해 0.58배 규모로 재현되었다. 강우강도가 증가함에 따라 지표유출량은 증가하고 지표하유출량은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 지표커버가 없는 사면으로부터 발생한 지표유출량이 지표커버가 있는 경우에 비해 평균 1.82배 증가하였다. 강우운동에너지는 지표유출 및 지표하유출 발생시간에도 영향을 끼쳤다. 빗물튀김과 면상흐름의 상호작용으로 토사유출량이 3.6~5.9배 증가하였으며 그 증가폭은 강우강도의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 단위수류력과 토사유출량의 관계분석 결과 강우운동에너지는 빗물튀김에 의한 토양입자의 분리침식을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라 지표유출수 증가에 따른 토사이송능력을 가중시켜 토사유출량을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

Interrill erosion by the rainfall is divided into a detachment of soil particles by raindrop splash when raindrops having kinetic energy strike on the surface soil and a sediment transport by sheet flow of surface runoff. Rainfall kinetic energy is widely used as an indicator expressing the potential ability to separate the soil particles from soil mass. In this study, the soil erosion experiments of rainfall simulation were operated to evaluate the effects of rainfall kinetic energy on interrill erosion as using the strip cover to control raindrop impact. The kinetic energy from rainfall simulator was 0.58 times to that of natural rainfall. Surface runoff and subsurface runoff increased and decreased respectively with increase of rainfall intensity. Surface runoff discharge from plots of non-cover was 1.82 times more than that from plots with cover. The rainfall kinetic energy influenced on the starting time of surface and subsurface runoff. Soil erosion quantity greatly varied according to existence of the surface cover that can intercept rainfall energy. Sediment yields by the interaction between raindrop splash and sheet flow increased 3.6~5.9 times and the increase rates of those decreased with rainfall intensity. As a results from analysis of relationship between stream power and sediment yields, rainfall kinetic energy increased the transport capacity according to increase of surface runoff as well as the detachment of soil particles by raindrop splash.

키워드

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