Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Changes in Organic acids, Free Sugars, and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Fig (Ficus carica L.) by Maturation Stage

무화과의 성숙도에 따른 유기산, 유리당 및 향기 성분의 변화에 관한 연구

  • Shin, Tai-Sun (Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Jin-A (Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Bok-Mi (Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University)
  • 신태선 (전남대학교 식품영양과학부) ;
  • 박진아 (전남대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 정복미 (전남대학교 식품영양과학부)
  • Received : 2015.02.04
  • Accepted : 2015.06.19
  • Published : 2015.07.31
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Abstract

This study collected 120 figs, classified them into six degrees of maturity according to hardness values, and analyzed contents of organic acids and free sugars. Volatile compounds in figs were investigated using the solid-phase microextraction method of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For measurement of texture, elasticity increased up to stage 4 and decreased again. Cohesiveness and brittleness increased with maturation. Organic acids in figs were mainly composed of citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid in the final stage. Fructose and glucose were the major sugar components of figs. Fructose content decreased from stage 1 to stage 4 and then increased significantly. One hundred and nineteen volatile compounds were identified in figs, and classes were 14 acids, 15 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 10 esters, 33 hydrocarbons, 11 ketones, four aromatics, six miscellaneous, and five terpenes. The dominant volatile components in figs were hexadecanoic acid, hexane, dodecanal, DL-limonene, 2-hexanal, nonanal, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.

무화과의 성숙도에 따른 유기산과 유리당, 휘발성 향기 성분의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 전남 여수시에 위치한 한 농장에서 무작위로 120개 채취하여 견고성을 모두 측정한 후 견고성에 따라 6개군으로 무화과를 분류하고 각 군이 유의적 차이가 나도록 무화과를 각 군에 6개씩 선별하였다. 견고성에 따라 6단계로 분류된 무화과의 물성 특성에서 탄력성은 초기에는 낮았다가 4, 5단계일 때 가장 높았으며 6단계에서는 다시 감소되었다. 응집력은 숙성될수록 계속 증가하였고, 점착성은 초기에는 낮았다가 2단계에서 가장 높았고 그 이후부터 서서히 감소되었다. 깨짐성은 3단계 이후에는 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 무화과의 주된 유기산 성분은 구연산과 사과산이었으며, 주석산은 초기에는 검출되지 않았다가 완숙 단계에서 나타났다. 수산, 구연산, 사과산은 숙성될수록 점차 증가하다가 중간 단계일 때 최고로 나타났다가 완숙 단계에서는 감소하였다. 반면 인산과 호박산은 성숙도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 무화과의 주된 당은 과당과 포도당이었으며, 초기에는 함량이 높았으나 완숙될수록 서서히 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 휘발성 향기 성분의 경우 acid류 14종, alcohol류 15종, aldehyde류 23종, aromatic류 4종, ester류 10종, hydrocarbon류 33종, ketone류 9종, 기타 화합물류는 6종, terpene류는 5종이었으며, 총 119개의 휘발 성분이 확인되었다. 가장 주된 성분은 hexadecanoic acid가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 hexane, dodecanal, DL-limonene 순으로 나타났다. 이 중 hexadecanoic acid, DL-limonene 성분은 초기에 높았다가 완숙됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, dodecanal, hexane은 초기에 비해 중간 단계에 높아졌다가 완숙단계에서는 다시 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다.

Keywords

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