The Korean Journal of Malacology (한국패류학회지)

The Malacological Society of Korea (한국패류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sanitary assessment of the oyster rack culture waters in Wando, Korea

완도군 군외면 연안 수평망식 참굴 (Crassostrea gigas) 양식해역의 세균학적 수질 평가

  • Kang, Ju Hyun (Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Cho, Sang-Man (Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae Ok (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Kwon Sam (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University)
  • 강주현 (군산대학교 해양생명응용과학부) ;
  • 조상만 (군산대학교 해양생명응용과학부) ;
  • 김태옥 (군산대학교 식품생명공학과) ;
  • 박권삼 (군산대학교 식품생명공학과)
  • Received : 2015.06.19
  • Accepted : 2015.06.29
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To introduce an oyster rack culture in tidal flat of Wando-gun, Korea, we investigated sanitary conditions from 2012 April to 2013 March in oyster growing waters and adjacent area in Wando. Average seawater temperature and salinity ranged $8.6-28.0^{\circ}C$ and 26.2-33.6 psu, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform of seawater ranged < 1.8-13.0 MPN/100 mL each. Only one of 60 samples was exceeded in the European criteria of fecal coliform. Influence of adjunct basin's pollution load on cultural waters was negligible, which half radius of dilution was not above 300 m. According to our observation, however, landing of oyster should be banned for at least 5 days after the heavy rainfall. Our findings meet the sanitary seawater criteria for domestic use and export of shellfish and classified as 'Class A' in European Community regulations for bivalve culture.

본 연구는 완도군 군외면 지역에 수평망식 갯벌참굴 양식을 도입하고자 하는 양식 기술개발의 일환으로서 양식해역의 위생학적 특성을 조사하였다. 해수의 경우 2012년 4월부터 2013년 3월까지 매월 1회 실시하였고, 굴 시료는 높이 90 cm인 가상식 양성망에서 채집하였다. 조사해역의 평균 수온범위와 염분 농도범위는 $8.6-28.0^{\circ}C$이며, 26.2-33.5 psu였다. 해수의 대장균군 및 분변계대장균은 각각 < 1.8-13.0 MPN/100 mL의 범위로, 모두 기준치 43 MPN/100 mL이하를 유지하였다. 한편 굴의 분변계대장균은 기준치를 초과하는 경우는 단 1건에 불과하였다. 강우 발생후, 경과일에 따른 참굴 및 해수의 분변계대장균은 모두 해역평균치로 회복되는 데는 약 5일이 소요되었다. 배수유역의 영향반경은 1-292 m에 불과하여 육상오염원에 의한 영향은 미미하였다. 조사해역은 우리나라 수출용 패류생산해역의 위생학적 수질기준과 미국의 패류양식장에 대한 세균학적 수질기준의 충족하며, 생산된 굴의 경우, 유럽연합 A등급 해역의 위생관리에 충족되는 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA (1970) Recommended procedures for the examination of seawater and shellfish. American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C., pp. 1-105.
  2. Baek, S. (2014) Distribution characteristics of chemical oxygen demand and Escherichia coli based on pollutant sources at Gwangyang Bay of South Sea in Korea. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 15: 3279-3285. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.5.3279
  3. Bouchet, V. and Sauriau, P. (2008) Influence of oyster culture practices and environmental conditions on the ecological status of intertidal mudflats in the Pertuis Charentais (SW France): A multi-index approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56: 1898-1912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.010
  4. Byun, H.-S., Song, K.-C., Lee, D.-S., Shim, K.-B. and Lim, C.-W. (2010) Evaluation of Bacteriological Safety for the Shellfish growing Sea waters in Seocheon Area, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43: 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.1.025
  5. Cho, E.S., Kim, S.S., Lee, S.Y., Jeong, H.D. and Kim, S.Y. (2009) Marine Evironmental Characteristics in Western Coastal Waters of the South Sea of Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 15: 187-203.
  6. Choi, J.D., Jeong, W.G. and Kim, P.H. (1998) Bacteriological study of sea water and oyster in Charan Bay, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 31: 429-436.
  7. European Union. (2004) Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European parliament and of the council of 29 April 2004. Official Journal of the European Union, L 139: 45pp.
  8. European Communities. (2005) Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 338: 1-23.
  9. Goldberg, E.D., Bowen, V.T., Farrington, J.W., Harvey, G., Martin, J.H., Parker, P.L., Risebrough, R.W., Robertson, W., Schneider, E. and Gamble, E. (1978) The Mussel Watch. Environmental Conservation, 5: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900005555
  10. Ha, K.S., Shim, K.B., Yoo, H.D., Kim, J.H. and Lee, T.S. (2009) Evaluation of the Bacteriological Safety for the Shellfish Growing Area in Hansan. Geojeman, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: 449-455. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2009.42.5.449
  11. Incze, L.S., Lutz, R. and Watling, L. (1980) Relationships between effects of environmental temperature and seston on growth and mortality of Mytilus edulis in a temperature northern estuary. Marine Biology, 57: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390733
  12. Jensen, E.T. (1966) Shellfish and public health. Milk and Food Technology, 19: 281-283.
  13. Jeon, Y.H., Yoon, H.S., Kim, D.H. and Kim, H.T. (2012) Characteristics of Incident Waves on Seaweed Farm Field Around Gumil-up Sea, Wando. Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Engineering, 15: 177-185. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2012.15.3.177
  14. Kim, B.Y. (1996) Studies on Artificial Seeding Production of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Yosu National Fisheries University
  15. Kim, S.J. (1975) Sanitary studies of oyster and growing areas in the south coast of Korea. Bulletin of Fisheries Research and Development Agency, 14: 1-79.
  16. Kwon, J.Y., Park, K.B.W., Song, K.C., Lee, J.H., Park, J.H., Kim, J.D. and Son, K.T. (2007) Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of a shellfish-growing area in Kamak bay. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 7-14.
  17. Kwon, J.Y., Park, K., Song, K.C., Oh, E.G., Lee, H.J., Kim, J.H. and Son, K.T. (2012) The Bacteriological Quality of Seawater in Kamak Bay, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45: 460-464. https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2012.0460
  18. Lee, J.M., Park, A.J., Cho, S.M. and Park, K.D. (2008) Growth Comparison of the Pacific Oyster Spat, Crassostrea gigas, by Three Different Suspended Time Around Coast of Gyeongnam. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 24: 109-119.
  19. Lee, S.L., Oh, E.G., Yu, H.D., Ha, K.S., Yu, H.S., S.G., B. and Kim, J.H. (2010) Impact of Rainfall Events on the Bacteriological Water Quality of the Shellfish Growing Area in Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43: 406-414. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.5.406
  20. Lim, H.J., Lee, T.S., Cho, P.G., Back, S.H., Byun, S.G. and Choi, E.H. (2011) The production efficiency of cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas Spat according to clutch aqnd growth comparing diploid and triploid oysters in off-bottom culture for tidal flat utilization. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 44: 259-266. https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2011.0259
  21. Mallet, A., Carver, C. and Landry, T. (2006) Impact of suspended and off-bottom Eastern oyster culture on the benthic environment in eastern Canada. Aquaculture, 255: 362-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.054
  22. Mallin, M.A., Esham, E.C., Williams, K.E. and Nearhoof, J.E. (1999) Tidal stage variability of fecal coliform and chlorophyll a concentrations in coastal creeks. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38: 414-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00024-7
  23. Malouf, R.E. and Breese, W.P. (1977) Seasonal changes in the effects of temperature and water flowrate on the growth of juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture, 12: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(77)90042-4
  24. Manley, J., Power, A. and Walker, R. (2009) Comparison of techniques for off-bottom culture of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in Georgia. Occasional papers of the University of Georgia Marine Extension Service, pp. 1-18.
  25. MIFAFF (2009) Sanitary criteria of producing, processing facilities and seawater area for fisheries product. Ministry of Food, Aquaculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Seoul, Korea
  26. NFRDI (2006) Sanitary research of the designated area for shelifish production in the south sea of korea,2005. Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute. Tongyeong, pp. 92.
  27. NFRDI (2010) Report of sanitary survey of Yongnam-Gwangdo area, Kyungnam Province, Korea. NFRDI, Yeamoon press, Pusan, Korea, pp 66-68.
  28. Park, K.B.W., Jo, M.R., Kwon, J.Y., Son, K.T., Lee, D.S. and Lee, H.J. (2010) Evaluation of the Bacteriological Safety of the Shellfish-growing Area in Gangjinman, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43: 614-622. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.6.614
  29. Parsons, J. (1974) Advantages in tray cultivation of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Strangford Lough, N. Ireland. Aquaculture, 3: 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(74)90073-8
  30. Shaw, W.N. (1969) The past and present status of off-bottom oyster culture in North America. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 98: 755-761. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1969)98[755:TPAPSO]2.0.CO;2
  31. Sherman, P., Drumm, B., Karmali, M. and Cutz, E. (1989) Adherence of bacteria to the intestine in sporadic cases of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-associated diarrhea in infants and young children: a prospective study. Gastroenterology, 96: 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(89)90768-3
  32. Sherwood, H.P. (1952) Some observations on the viability of sewage bacteria in relation to shelf-purification of mussels. Proceeding of Society for Applied Bacteriology, 15: 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1952.tb00004.x
  33. Shim, K.B., Ha, K.S., Yoo, H.D., Kim, J.H. and Lee, T.S. (2009) Evaluation of the bacteriological safety for the shellfish growing area in Jaranman.Saryangdo area, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: 442-448. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2009.42.5.442
  34. Shin, Y.K., Hur, Y.B., Myeing, J.I. and Lee, S. (2008) Effect of temperature and body size on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 24: 261-267.
  35. Soletchnik, P., Lambert, C. and Costil, K. (2005) Summer Mortality of Crassostrea gigas (thunberg) in Relation to Environmental Rearing Conditions. Journal of shellfish Research, 24: 197-207. https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[197:SMOCGT]2.0.CO;2
  36. US FDA (2009) National Shellfish Sanitation program, Guide for the control of molluscan shellfish, Model ordinance, http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalStateFoodPrograms/ucm2006754.htm
  37. Wando-gun (2014) Wando Statistical Yearbook. Wando-gun, http://www.wando.go.kr/administratio-n/administration_info/statistical_yearbook

Cited by

  1. Estimation of primary production of the waters around rack oyster farm at Wando, Korea vol.21, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-018-0086-z