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A Study on the Structure Characteristics of Planting Ground in Incheon International Airport, Korea

인천국제공항 식재기반 구조 및 토양특성 연구

  • Received : 2014.10.27
  • Accepted : 2015.06.03
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

This study aims to suggest adequate soil management through the analysis of physicochemical properties of soil in the planting grounds of Incheon International Airport, which was constructed on a massive land reclamation site. Study areas were 5 sites at the international business complex, the passenger terminal, the airport support complex, the free trade zone, and the access road. Soil profile analysis showed that 9 plots out of the 27 plots were hardpan and heterospere within 80cm from the soil surface. The earth laid on the ground was categorized as gravel based soil(4 plots), dredged soil from the sea bottom and mixed reclamation materials(2 plots), clay with poor permeability(3 plots) and waste construction material(1 plot). Average soil hardness was $11.5kg/cm^2$ and soil textures were sandy soil, sandy loam and loamy sand. Average soil pH was 6.7 and average organic matter content was 0.7%. Electrical conductivity was 0.0dS/m and exchangeable cation concentrations were $Ca^{2+}$ 3.4cmol/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 1.5cmol/kg, $K^+$ 0.3cmol/kg and $Na^+$ 1.0cmol/kg. Average cation exchange capacity was 11.0cmol/kg. Although average figures in Solum mostly meet the landscape design criteria, properties of each soil layer showed various values sometimes over the limit. Base saturations were $Ca^{2+}$ 29.9%, $Mg^{2+}$ 13.3% and $K^+$ 3.7% for lower soil, $Ca^{2+}$ 33.3%, $Mg^{2+}$ 17.0% and $K^+$ 2.7% for mid-soil and $Ca^{2+}$ 32.6%, $Mg^{2+}$ 12.2% and $K^+$ 1.9% for upper soil. Exchangeable sodium percentages were 16.4% for lower soil, 7.5% for mid-soil and 4.7% upper soil. Sodium adsorption rates were 0.8 for lower soil, 0.3 for mid-soil and 0.2 for upper soil. Factors affecting to the vegetation growth were heterogeneity and poorness of solum, disturbance of dredged soils, high soil hardness including hardpan in the subsurface soil layer and shallow effective soil depth, high soil acidity, imbalance of base contents, low organic matter content and low available phosphate levels in the soil.

본 연구는 대규모 매립지에 조성된 인천국제공항을 대상으로 수목 식재기반에 대한 구조적, 이화학적 특성을 파악함으로써 합리적인 토양관리 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 세부 연구 대상지는 국제업무단지, 여객터미널, 공항지원단지, 자유무역지역, 진입도로 등 5개소이었다. 인천국제공항 수목생육 기반에 대한 토양 구조분석결과 표토로부터 80cm 이내에 경반층 또는 이질층의 토양층위가 존재하는 조사구는 총 27개소 중 9개소이었으며, 성토재료로 자갈 매립(4개소), 준설토와 혼합된 재료 매립(2개소), 점토가 다량 포함되어 투수가 불량한 성토 재료 사용(3개소), 폐골재를 매립한 경우(1개소) 등이었다. 토양의 물리적 특성으로 토양경도는 성토층 평균 $11.5kg/cm^2$이었고, 토성은 모래함량이 많은 사토, 사양토, 양질사토 등이었다. 화학적 특성으로서 토양산도는 성토층 평균 pH 6.7이었으며, 유기물함량은 0.7%, 전기전도도(EC)는 0.0dS/m, 교환성양이온함량은 $Ca^{2+}$ 3.4cmol/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 1.5coml/kg, $K^+$ 0.3cmol/kg, $Na^+$ 1.0cmol/kg, 교환성양이온치환용량(CEC)은 11.0cmol/kg이었다. 성토층의 절대적 평균치는 대부분 조경설계기준을 만족하였으나 매립지토양특성상 층위별 조사구별 편차를 반영할 수 없는 한계가 있어 성토층위별로 분석한 교환성양이온별 염기포화도(BSP)는 소성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 29.9%, $Mg^{2+}$ 13.3%, $K^+$ 3.7%, 중성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 33.3%, $Mg^{2+}$ 17.0%, $K^+$ 2.7%, 대성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 32.6%, $Mg^{2+}$ 12.2%, $K^+$ 1.9%이었다. 교환성나트륨백분율(ESP)은 소성토지역 16.4%, 중성토지역 7.5%, 대성토지역 4.7%이었고, 나트륨흡착비(SAR)는 소성토지역 0.8, 중성토지역 0.3, 대성토지역 0.2이었다. 성토재료의 불균질과 불량, 준설토의 교란, 답압에 의한 높은 토양경도와 지중의 경반층형성, 낮은 유효토심 등의 물리적 요인과 높은 pH, 염기밸런스 불균형, 낮은 유기물, 유효인산 등은 식물생육에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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