References
- AlGhanim N, Comondore VR, Fleetham J, Marra CA, Ayas NT. The economic impact of obstructive sleep apnea. Lung 2008;186:7-12.
- Andrews JG, Oei TP. The roles of depression and anxiety in the understanding and treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Clin Psychol Rev 2004;24:1031-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.002
- Asghari A, Mohammadi F, Kamrava SK, Tavakoli S, Farhadi M. Severity of depression and anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269:2549-2553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-1942-6
- Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F. Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:737-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00330-6
- Bennett LS, Barbour C, Langford B, Stradling JR, Davies RJ. Health status in obstructive sleep apnea: relationship with sleep fragmentation and daytine sleepiness, and effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1884-1890. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9808107
- Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
- Chugh DK, Weaver TE, Dinges DF. Neurobehavioral consequences of arousals. Sleep 1996;19:198-201. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/19.suppl_10.S198
- Chung KF. Insomnia subtypes and their relationships to daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration 2005;72:460-465. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087668
- Gabbay IE, Lavie P. Age- and gender-related characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2012;16:453-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-011-0523-z
- Gottlieb DJ, Whitney CW, Bonekat WH, Iber C, James GD, Lebowitz M, et al. Relation of sleepiness to respiratory disturbance index: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:502-507. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9804051
- Greenberg GD, Watson RK, Deptula D. Neuropsychological dysfunction in sleep apnea. Sleep 1987;10:254-262. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/10.3.254
- Han KH, Soh M, Ha JH, Ryu SH, Yu J, Park DH. The correlation between severity of sleep apnea, sleep and mood related scales, and activity during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2011;18:76-81
- Harris M, Glozier N, Ratnavadivel R, Grunstein RR. Obstructive sleep apnea and depression. Sleep Med Rev 2009;13:437-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.04.001
- Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991;14:540-545.
- Johns M, Hocking B. Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers. Sleep 1997;20:844-849. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/20.10.844
- Kapsimalis F, Kryger MH. Gender and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, part 1: Clinical features. Sleep 2002;25:412-419.
- Kingshott RN, Sime PJ, Engleman HM, Douglas NJ. Self assessment of daytime sleepiness: patient versus partner. Thorax 1995;50:994-995. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.50.9.994
- Kingshott RN, Engleman HM, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. Does arousal frequency predict daytime function? Eur Respir J 1998;12:1264-1270. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.98.12061264
- Kjelsberg FN, Ruud EA, Stavem K. Predictors of symptoms of anxiety and depression in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2005;6:341-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.02.004
- Krakow B, Melendrez D, Ferreira E, Clark J, Warner TD, Sisley B, et al. Prevalence of insomnia symptoms in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Chest 2001;120:1923-1929. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.6.1923
- Krell SB, Kapur VK. Insomnia complaints in patients evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2005;9:104-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-005-0026-x
- Krieger J, McNicholas WT, Levy P, De Backer W, Douglas N, Marrone O, et al. Public health and medicolegal implications of sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2002;20:1594-1609. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00404502
- Liu X, Uchiyama M, Kim K, Okawa M, Shibui K, Kudo Y, et al. Sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan. Psychiatry Res 2000;93:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(99)00119-5
- Martin SE, Wraith PK, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ. The effect of nonvisible sleep fragmentation on daytime function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1596-1601. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154863
- Orr WC, Martin RJ, Imes NK, Rogers RM, Stahl ML. Hypersomnolent and nonhypersomnolent patients with upper airway obstruction during sleep. Chest 1979;75:418-422. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.75.4.418
- Pigeon WR, Perlis ML. Sleep homeostasis in primary insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:247-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.09.002
- Pillar G, Lavie P. Psychiatric symptoms in sleep apnea syndrome: effects of gender and respiratory disturbance index. Chest 1998;114:697-703. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.114.3.697
- Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5:136-143. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200709-155MG
- Riedel BW, Lichstein KL. Insomnia and daytime functioning. Sleep Med Rev 2000;4:277-298. https://doi.org/10.1053/smrv.1999.0074
- Roehrs T, Zorick F, Wittig R, Conway W, Roth T. Predictors of objective level of daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. Chest 1989;95:1202-1206. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.95.6.1202
- Roth T, Hartse KM, Zorick F, Conway W. Multiple naps and the evaluation of daytime sleepiness in patients with upper airway sleep apnea. Sleep 1980;3:425-439.
- Sanchez AI, Buela-Casal G, Bermudez MP, Casas-Maldonado F. The effects of continuous positive air pressure treatment on anxiety and depression levels in apnea patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:641-646. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00918.x
- Silber MH, Ancoli-Israel S, Bonnet MH, Chokroverty S, Grigg-Damberger MM, Hirshkowitz M, et al. The visual scoring of sleep in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2007;3:121-131.
- Sink J, Bliwise DL, Dement WC. Self-reported excessive daytime somnolence and impaired respiration in sleep. Chest 1986;90:177-180. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.90.2.177
- Stradling JR, Crosby JH, Payne CD. Self reported snoring and daytime sleepiness in men aged 35-65 years. Thorax 1991;46:807-810. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.46.11.807
- Stepanski E, Lamphere J, Badia P, Zorick F, Roth T. Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1984;7:18-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/7.1.18
- Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1230-1235. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199304293281704
- Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1217-1239. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2109080