Journal of Digestive Cancer Research

Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer Research (대한소화기암연구학회)
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Clinical Management of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors

  • In Kyung Yoo (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bora Keum (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2015.06.15
  • Accepted : 2015.06.22
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs, also known as gastric carcinoids) are rare form of hormone-secreting neoplasms that present with varied clinical syndromes. There are four types of GNETs based on size, proliferation, localization, differentiation, and hormone production. Type I GNET is related to autoimmune atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinemia. Type II GNETs are related to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)-1, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and hypergastrinemia. Type 3 GNETs are not associated with any background pathology, and type 4 GNETs are poorly differentiated tumors. The most useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastrointestinal NETs is plasma chromogranin A (CgA) levels. Endoscopic ultrasound is the method of choice to determine tumor size and depth of infiltration. For optimal management, the type, biology, and stage of the tumor must be considered. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of GNETs.

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References

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