KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Diploid and Tetraploid Platycodon grandiflorum

  • Boo, Hee-Ock (WELLPHYTO Co. Ltd., BI Center, GIST) ;
  • Kim, Young-Sun (Department of Korean Food, Jeonnam Provincial College) ;
  • Kim, Hag-Hyun (Faculty of Food Nutrition and Cookery, Woosong Information College) ;
  • Kwon, Soo-Jeong (Faculty of Food Nutrition and Cookery, Woosong Information College) ;
  • Woo, Sun-Hee (Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2015.06.01
  • Accepted : 2015.06.04
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to obtain the have higher contents of pharmaceutical constituents as well as higher yield from colchicine induced diploid and tetraploid extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum. In order to determine the biological activity, this study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial on the bronthus disease bacteria, antioxidant enzyme activity of diploid and tetraploid extracts in P. grandiflorum. The activities of antioxidant enzyme according to different solvent extracts were measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of P. grandiflorum showed significant differences between tetraploid and diploid. That is, the cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell was higher in tetraploid than in diploid. At all extracts concentration, tetraploid samples showed high toxicity and the $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on HCT-116 cell ($105.91{\mu}g/mL$), and exhibited significant activity against the Hep 3B cell ($140.67{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-1066 cell ($154.01{\mu}g/mL$), Hela cell ($158.37{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-601 cell ($182.67{\mu}g/mL$), Calu-6 cell ($190.42{\mu}g/mL$), MCF-7 cell ($510.19{\mu}g/mL$). Antimicrobial activities of diploid P. grandiflorum were relatively low compared to tetraploid P. grandiflorum on most of the bacterial strains. In tetraploid P. grandiflorum, K. pneumoniae showed the clear zone formation (18~19 mm) of growth inhibition, followed by the clear zone formation of 13~15 mm on C. diphtheria and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activities in diploid P. grandiflorum were the highest on K. pneumonia (14~15 mm), and showed the clear zone formation of 11~12 mm on C. diphtheria and 12~13 mm on S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activity is thought to look different depending on the bacterial strains and the polyploidy of P. grandiflorum. The root extract of P. grandiflorum had the highest (97.2%) SOD enzyme activity in ethyl acetate partition layer of tetraploid while water partition layer of diploid showed the lowest (48.6%) SOD enzyme activity. The activity of CAT showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all partition layers except butyl alcohol. The activities of APX and POD showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all fraction solvents except water layer. These results indicate that the tetraploid P. grandiflorum can be used as a source for developing cytotoxic agent and antimicrobials which can act against bronchus diseases bacterial strains.

Keywords

References

  1. Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 5 : 373-99.
  2. Asada, K. 1994. Production and action of active oxygen species in photosynthetic tissues. In Foyer C.H., P.M. Mullineaux (eds.), Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants. CRC Press, London, England. pp.77-105.
  3. Asish, K. P. and B. D. Anath. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants. A review Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 60 : 324-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010
  4. Boo, H. O., J. H. Shin, Y. S. Kim, H. J. Park, H. H. Kim, S. J. Kwon, and S. H. Woo. 2013. Comparative Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Diploid and Tetraploid Platycodon grandiflorum by Different Drying Methods. Korean J. Plant Res. 26(3) : 389-396. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.3.389
  5. Chan, L. W., E. L. C. Cheah, C. L. L. Saw, W. Weng, and P. W. Heng. 2008. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia. Chinese Medicine. 3 : 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-3-15
  6. Choi, J. H., Y. P. Hwang, H. S. Lee, and H. G. Jeong. 2009. Inhibitory effect of Platycodi Radix on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 : 1272-1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.022
  7. Cuyacot, A. R., J. J. M. Mahilum, and M. R. S. B. Madamba. 2014. Cytotoxicity potentials of some medicinal plants in Mindanao, Philippines. Pelagia Research Library. 4(1) : 81-89.
  8. Gao, S. L., D. N. Zhu, Z. H. Cai, and D. R. Xu. 1996. Autotetraploid plants from colchicine-treated bud culture of Salvia miltior-rhiza Bge. Plant Cell, Tissue Org. Cult. 47(1) : 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02318968
  9. Goveas, S. W. and A. Abraham. 2013. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf extracts of Coscinium fenestratum. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 6(3) : 218-221.
  10. Gaspar, T., C. Penel, F. J. Castillo, and H. Greppin. 1985. A two step control of basic and acid peroxidases and its significance for growth and development. Plant Physiol. 64 : 418-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb03362.x
  11. Ishizaka, H. and J. Uematau. 1994. Amphidiploids between Cyclamen persicum Mill . and C. hederifolium Aiton induced through colchicine treatment of ovules in vitro and plants. Breed. Sci. 44 : 161-166.
  12. Jeong, H. M., E. H. Han, Y. H. Jin, Y. P. Hwang, H. G. Kim, B. H. Park, J. Y. Kim, Y. C. Chung, K. Y. Lee, and H. G. Jeong. 2010. Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum stimulate osteoblast differentiation via p38 MAPK- and ERKdependent RUNX2 activation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48 : 3362-3368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.005
  13. Kang, H. M. and M. E. Saltveit. 2002. Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling leaves and roots are differentially affected by salicylic acid. Physiol. Plant. 115 : 571-576. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150411.x
  14. Kata, A. and J. A. Birchler. 2006. Induction of tetraploid derivatives of maize inbred lines by nitrous oxide gas treatment. J. Hered. 97(1) : 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esj007
  15. Kim, I. K., H. H. Kim, E. Y. Hong, J. S. Yun, T. Yun, J. K. Hwang, and C. H. Lee. 2003. Breeding of tetraploid in Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. by colchicine treatment. Korean J. Plant Res. 6(3) : 188-194.
  16. Kim, K. S., O. Ezaki, S. Ikemoto, and H. Itakura. 1995. Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum feeding on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 41 : 485-491. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.41.485
  17. Kintzios, E. 2006. Terrestrial plant-derived anticancer agents and plant species used in anticancer research. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25 : 79-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680500348824
  18. Lee, E. B. 1973. Pharmacological studies on Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. IV. A comparison of experimental pharmacological effects of crude platycodin with clinical indications of Platycodi Radix. Yakugaku Zasshi. 93 : 1188-1194. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.93.9_1188
  19. Lee, K. J., J. Y. Kim, K. S. Jung, C. Y. Choi, Y. C. Chung, D. H. Kim, and H. G. Jeong. 2004. Suppressive effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on the progress of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27 : 1238-1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975888
  20. Lewis, W. H. 1980. Ploidy: Biological Relevance. Plenum, NewYork, USA.
  21. Liu, G., Z. Li, and M. Bao. 2007. Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology. Euphytica 157(1-2) : 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9406-6
  22. Lobo, R., K. S. Prabhu, and A. Shirwaikar. 2009. Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric): a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 61 : 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.01.0003
  23. Luckett, D. J. 1989. Colchicine mutagenesis is associated with substantial heritable variation in cotton. Euphytica 42(1-2) : 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00042630
  24. Mittler, R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 7 : 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
  25. Moftah, A. H. and B. E. Michel. 1987. The effect of sodium chloride on solute potential and proline accumulation in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 83 : 238-240. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.83.2.238
  26. Modaressi, M., R. Shahsavari, F. Ahmadi, M. Rahimi-Nasrabadi, R. Abiri, A. Mikaeli, and H. Batoli. 2013. The evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Mindium Laevigatum (Vent.) Rech. F., from central part of Iran. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod. 8(1) : 34-40. https://doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-7730
  27. Najami, N., J. Tibor, W. Barriah, G. Kayam, T. Moshe, M. Guy, and M. Volokita. 2008. Ascorbate peroxidase gene family in tomato: its identification and characterization. Mol. Genet. Genom. 279 : 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-007-0305-2
  28. Park, H. J., M. J. Kim, E. Ha, J. H. Chung. 2008. Apoptotic effect of hesperidin through caspase 3 activation in human colon cancer cells, SNU-C4. Phytomedicine. 15 : 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.07.061
  29. Petersen, K. K., P. Hagberg, and K. Kristiansenk. 2003. Colchicine and oryzalin mediated chromosome doubling in different genotypes of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 73(2) : 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022854303371
  30. Pinheiro, A. A., M. T. Pozzobon, C. B. Do Valle, M. I. O. Penteado, and V. T. C. Carneiro. 2000. Duplication of the chromosome number of diploid Brachiaria brizantha plants using colchicine. Plant Cell Reports 19(3) : 274-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050011
  31. Thao, N. T. P., K. Ureshino, I. Miyajima, Y. Ozaki, and H. Okubo. 2003. Induction of tetraploids in ornamental Alocasia through colchicine and oryzalin treatments. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 72 : 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021292928295
  32. Vijayarathna, S. and S. Sasidharan. 2012. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. Asian Pac. J. Trop Biomed. 2(10) : 826-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60237-8
  33. Wang, X. H., L. Xiong, Y. H. Qu, J. Yang, and Z. J. Gu. 2006. The polyploidy induction and identification of Platycodon grandiflorus (Campanulaceae) in China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 28(6) : 593-598.
  34. Wojtaszek, P. 1997. Oxidative burst: an early plant response to pathogen infection. Biochem. J. 322 : 681-692. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3220681
  35. Wu, Y., F. Yang, X. Zhao, and W. Yang. 2011. Identification of tetraploid mutants of Platycodon grandiflorus by colchicines induction. Caryologia. 64(3) : 343-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2011.10589801
  36. Yan-Wei, H., L. Chun-Yu, D. Chong-Min, W. Wen-Qian, and G. Zhen-Lun. 2009. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 123 : 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.016
  37. Zhao, H. L., K. H. Cho, Y. W. Ha, T. S. Jeong, W. S. Lee, and Y. S. Kim. 2006. Cholesterol lowering effect of platycodin D in hyper cholesterolemic ICR mice. European journal of pharmacology. 537 : 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.032
  38. Zhao, H. L. and Y. S. Kim. 2004. Determination of the kinetic properties of platycodin D for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase using a 1, 2 - diglyceride based colorimetric assay. Archives of pharmacal research. 27 : 1048-1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975430
  39. Zhou, B. Y., Z. F. Guo, and Z. L. Liu. 2005. Effects of abscisic acid on antioxidant systems of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Sw. under chilling stress. Crop Science. 45 : 599-605. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0599

Cited by

  1. Identification and Characterization of Diploid and Tetraploid in Platycodon grandiflorum vol.72, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0589-7
  2. FISH Karyotype Comparison of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. ‘Jangbaek’ and Its Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid ‘Etteumbaek vol.8, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9787/pbb.2020.8.4.389