KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Effect of Tillage Depths on Methane Emission and Rice Yield in Paddy Soil during Rice Cultivation

논토양에서 경운방법이 메탄발생과 쌀수량에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Hyeoun-Suk (Crop Production and Physiology Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Crop Production and Physiology Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Tea-Sun (Crop Production and Physiology Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Hang-Won (Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southem Area, NICS, RDA)
  • 조현숙 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 박태선 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 강항원 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부)
  • Received : 2014.12.01
  • Accepted : 2015.05.19
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

Green manure crops are organic materials that can supply organic matter and substitute chemical fertilizer, yet emit methane while being decomposed. Therefore, we experimented with different kinds of Green manure crops and tillage depth in order to decrease the amount of methane emitted when utilizing Green manure crops in paddy soil. The amount of methane emitted during the cultivation period of rice started to increase after transplanting and peaked at 63, and 74 days after transplanting, than decreased to almost none starting from 106 days. According to the kind of Green manure crop, it was highest in barley, then hairy vetch and chemical fertilizer. Depending on the tillage depth, the amount of methane emitted decreased by 22.5% in chemical fertilizer, 12.4% in hairy vetch and 11.7% in barley in 20cm tillage compared to 10cm tillage. The air temperature of methane test period was $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and the soil temperature was more than about $2{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower than the air temperature. Due to the irrigation started before transplanting, the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of soil was rapidly reduced, and showed negative (-) values. Eh values mostly kept the range of -300~-500 mV during rice cultivation. It rapidly increased 106 days after transplanting. Rice yield the highest in hairy vetch and did not show differences according to tillage depth. Methane emission could be effectively reduced if the paddy soil was tilled by 20 cm during the application of hairy vetch.

농경지의 볏짚 수거량이 증가하면서 부족한 유기물을 공급하기 위하여 녹비작물을 이용하고 있다. 녹비작물은 유기물공급과 화학비료 대체가 가능한 우수한 유기물원이다. 그러나 농경지에서 분해되는 과정에 메탄을 발생시키기 때문에 메탄발생량을 줄이기 위한 노력이 요구된다. 따라서 논토양에서 녹비작물을 이용할 때 메탄발생량을 줄이기 위하여 경운깊이를 달리하여 시험하였다. 벼 생육기간 중 메탄 발생량은 이앙 후 63일, 74일에 가장 많았고 이앙 후 74일 이후부터 감소되었으며 이앙 후 106일에는 거의 발생되지 않았다. 녹비종류에 따른 메탄발생량은 보리환원구에서 가장 많았고, 그 다음은 헤어리베치, 화학비료 순이었다. 경운 깊이에 따른 메탄발생량은 10cm경운보다 20 cm로 경운함으로써 화학비료는 22.5%, 헤어리베치 환원구는 12.4%, 보리환원구는 11.7% 감소되었다. 벼 재배기간 동안 대기온도는 $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$였고, 지온은 대기온도보다 약 $2{\sim}10^{\circ}C$정도 낮았다. 산화환원전위(Eh)는 이앙 전 관개를 시작하면서 급격히 토양이 환원되어 (-)값을 나타냈다. 작물 재배기간 동안 산화환원전위차는 -300~-500 mV으로 낮았으며 관개가 중단된 이앙 후 106일 이후에는 다시 급격하게 증가되었다. 쌀 수량은 경운깊이에 따른 차이는 없었으나 녹비작물중에서는 헤어리베치 환원구에서 가장 많았다. 논토양에서 헤어리베치를 이용할 때 20cm로 경운하여 메탄발생을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있었다.

Keywords

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