DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Various Thermal Treatments on Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Shiitake Mushrooms

열처리 방법에 따른 표고버섯의 이화학적 특성 및 영양학적 분석

  • Lee, Jung-Gyu (Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Il (Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, In-Guk (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoo, Seon-Mi (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Min, Sang-Gi (Department of Bioresource and Food Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Jung (Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University)
  • 이중규 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과) ;
  • 김광일 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과) ;
  • 황인국 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 유선미 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 민상기 (건국대학교 바이오산업공학과) ;
  • 최미정 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과)
  • Received : 2015.01.30
  • Accepted : 2015.04.24
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

In the food industry, thermal treatment is an important process for extending shelf-life of foods. However, heating process affects the physicochemical, nutritional, and microbial properties of foodstuff such as color, texture, pH, and proximate compositions. This study was conducted to select an optimal thermal treatment by observing physicochemical, nutritional, and microbial effects of shiitake mushrooms with different thermal treatment methods. Shiitake mushrooms were washed and sliced equally ($5cm{\times}0.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) and then heat-treated by three methods. Samples were heated in $100^{\circ}C$ boiling water, steamed for 10 min, or pan fried at $130^{\circ}C$ for 4 min. Total color difference values showed significantly increasing tendency with treatment time. For pH values, boiling water-treated mushrooms showed increasing tendency according to increased thermal treatment. For the results of hardness, boiling water or pan frying-treated mushrooms showed reduced tendency within 1 min. In the case of steam-treated mushrooms, hardness values were maintained for 1 min. Organic acid contents of steam-treated sample showed the lowest value among treatments. For microbial counts, steam-treated samples for 3 min showed the lowest value. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that steam treatment could be the optimal thermal treatment to minimize quality loss of shiitake mushrooms.

본 연구는 열수 침지, 증기 및 볶음 처리가 표고버섯에 미치는 이화학적 분석 및 영양성분 분석을 통해 최적 열처리 조건을 확립하고자 진행하였다. 소비자들이 상품을 평가할 때 1차적으로 먼저 관찰되는 색도와 경도를 측정하고 추가로 pH 측정 등으로 인한 이화학적 결과로 최적 조건을 선정한 뒤에 그 조건들에 대해서 영양학적 및 미생물 검사를 실시하였다. 색도는 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 색의 변색 정도가 증가하여 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. pH 값은 열수 침지 처리의 경우 pH 증가량이 가장 높았으며 처리 시간이 지속될수록 pH가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 다른 처리군의 경우 일정 시간의 처리 시간 이후에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 경도에서는 열수 침지와 볶음 처리의 경우 1분 이내의 열처리만으로도 경도가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 증기 처리의 경우 1분 동안 경도가 유지되는 결과를 보였다. 일반 성분 분석 결과는 증기 처리가 가장 원물에 가까운 결과를 나타냈다. 유기산 함량은 증기 처리에서 유기산 함량 감소율이 가장 낮았다. 또한 3분간 증기 처리를 하였을 때 미생물의 사멸 효과가 가장 높았다. 열수 침지 처리나 볶음 처리의 경우 전체적으로 증기 처리한 시료에 비해서 영양성분 함량이 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 표고버섯을 증기 처리 방법으로 열처리하는 것이 다른 열처리군에 비해서 최적으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 물리화학 및 영양학적 성분의 변화만을 분석하였기 때문에 실제 식품 산업이나 공정에 적용하기 위해서는 대용량 처리 시에 발생하는 문제들과 관련된 추가적인 연구를 필요로 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim JY, Kown IK, Ha SY, Hong CH. 2005. Change of contamination level of Listeria spp. during the processing environments in Kimbab restaurants. J Fd Hyg Safety 20: 232-236.
  2. Statistics Korea. 2012. Property and current situation of single-person household at Population and Housing Census. Statistics Korea, Daejeon, Korea. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=269194&pageNo=44&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt= (accessed Dec 2012).
  3. Kim JY, Song HJ, Park SS. 2005. Segmentation of the home meal replacement (HMR) market by lifestyle: The case of S department store in Kang-nam, Seoul. J Foodservice Manag Soc Korea 8: 137-155.
  4. Kim SH, Kwon SM, Shim BS. 2007. A study on the effects of using HMR customer's selection attribute on expenditure and purchasing frequency: Focus on customers using foodcourt in Seoul. J Foodservice Manag Soc Korea 10: 91-110.
  5. Lim JB, Seo BS, Lee HG, Chang YK. 1990. Life style and dietary pattern. Fam Environ Res 28: 33-52.
  6. Han MS. 2007. A study on the actual status of use of the home meal replacement (HMR) and the users' satisfaction about it. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  7. Sung JM, Yoo YB, Cha DR. 1998. Mushroom science. Kyohaksa, Seoul, Korea. p 64.
  8. Yim SB, Kim MO, Koo SJ. 1991. Determination of dietary fiber contents in mushrooms. Korean J Soc Food Sci 7:69-76.
  9. Ishikawa Y, Morimoto K, Hamasaki T. 1984. Flavoglaucin, a metabolite of Eurotium chevalieri, its antioxidation and synergism with tocopherol. J Am Oil Chem Soc 61: 1864-1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540819
  10. Seo DS, Lee EN, Seo GS, Lee JS. 2008. Screening and optimal extraction of a new antidementia ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitorcontaining mushroom. Mycology 36: 195-197.
  11. Lee MR, Oh DS, Wee AJ, Yun BS, Jang SA, Sung CK. 2014. Anti-obesity effects of Lentinus edodes on obese mice induced by high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 43:194-199. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.2.194
  12. Chihara G, Maeda Y, Hamuro J, Sasaki T, Fukuoka F. 1969. Inhibition of mouse sarcoma 180 by polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing. Nature 222: 687-688. https://doi.org/10.1038/222687a0
  13. Hardenburg RE, Watada AE, Yang CY. 1986. The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks. USDA Handbook 66: 41-42.
  14. Lee HD, Yoon HS, Lee WO, Jeong H, Cho KH, Park WK. 2003. Estimated gas concentrations of MA (modified atmosphere) and changes of quality characteristics during the MA storage on the oyster mushrooms. Korean J Food Preserv 10: 16-22.
  15. Lee K, Lee J, Han K, Hwang Y, Song J. 1997. Optimum conditions for keeping the fresh quality of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) by low-temperature and frozen storage. Korean J Post-Harvest Sci Technol Agri Products 4: 115-122.
  16. Maharaj V, Sankat CK. 1996. Quality changes in dehydrated dasheen leaves: effects of blanching pre-treatments and drying conditions. Food Res Int 29: 563-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(96)00021-X
  17. Kang JS, Cho HR, Han JS, Hur SH. 2003. Hot water dipping treatment to improve storage quality of green red pepper. Korean J Food Preserv 10: 261-266.
  18. Jung JY, Lim JH, Jeong EH, Kim BS, Jeong MC. 2007. Effect of blanching conditions and salt concentrations on the quality properties of Aster scaber. Korean J Food Preserv 14: 584-590.
  19. Kim SG, Kang JO, Kim CH, Moon KD, Park YG, Eun YB. 2010. A new system food processing. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea. p 29-36.
  20. Fallik E. 2004. Prestorage hot water treatments (immersion, rinsing and brushing). Postharvest Biol Technol 32: 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.10.005
  21. Park MH, Sohn HJ, Jeon BS, Kim NM, Park CK, Kim AK, Kim KC. 1999. Studies on flavor components and organoleptic properties in roasted red ginseng marc. J Ginseng Res 23: 211-216.
  22. Lee JS, Lee KA, Ju YC, Lim GJ, Choi SK, Lee JS. 2004. A study on consumer behavior for mushrooms by consumers of Korea, China and Japan. J Mushroom Sci Prod 2:102-108.
  23. Choi NS. 2000. The study on change of quality properties and biological activities of Korean wild vegetables by cultivation, blanching and drying method. MS Thesis. Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  24. Sioen I, Haak L, Raes K, Hermans C, De Henauw S, De Smet S, Van Camp J. 2006. Effects of pan-frying in margarine and olive oil on the fatty acid composition of cod and salmon. Food Chem 98: 609-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.026
  25. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. p 8-35, 777, 780, 788.
  26. Kim MH, Jang HL, Yoon KY. 2012. Changes in physicochemical properties of Haetsun vegetables by blanching. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 647-654. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.5.647
  27. Lespinard AR, Goni SM, Salgado PR, Mascheroni RH. 2009. Experimental determination and modelling of size variation, heat transfer and quality indexes during mushroom blanching. J Food Eng 92: 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.025
  28. Qiu L, Chen QH, Zhuang JX, Zhong X, Zhou JJ, Gou YJ, Chen QX. 2009. Inhibitory effects of ${\alpha}$-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Food Chem 112: 609-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.021
  29. Chae HS, Lee SH, Jeong HS, Kim WJ. 2013. Antioxidant activity and physicochemical characteristics of Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai with treatments methods. Korean J Food & Nutr 26: 125-131. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.1.125
  30. Kim BC, Hwang JY, Wu HJ, Lee SM, Cho HY, Yoo YM, Shin HH, Cho EK. 2012. Quality changes of vegetables by different cooking methods. Korean J Culinary Res 18: 40-53.
  31. Kim JS, Han JS, Lee JS. 1995. A study for the mechanical and sensory characteristics of mushrooms by various cooking method. Korean J Soc Food Sci 11: 44-50.
  32. Lee HO, Lee YJ, Kim JY, Yoon DH, Kim BS. 2011. Quality characteristics of frozen welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) according to various blanching treatment conditions. Korean J Food Sci Technol 43: 426-431. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.4.426
  33. Lee HO, Kim JY, Kim GH, Kim BS. 2012. Quality characteristics of frozen Aster scaber according to various blanching treatment condition. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41:246-253. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.2.246
  34. Kim KI, Hwang IG, Yu SM, Min SG, Lee SY, Choi MJ. 2014. Effect of various pretreatments methods under physicochemical and nutritional properties of onions. Food Eng Prog 18: 382-390. https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2014.18.4.382
  35. Kim YD, Seo JS, Kim KJ, Kim KM, Hur CK, Cho IK. 2005. Component analysis by different heat treatments of garlic (Allium saivum L.). Korean J Preserv 12: 161-165.
  36. Chung HS, Kim JK, Youn KS. 2006. Effect of roasting temperature on phycochemical properties of Job's tears (Coix Lachryma jobi L. var ma-yeun) powder and extracts. Korean J Food Preserv 13: 477-482.
  37. Choi OJ, Kim KS, Jung HS. 2002. Variation of flavor components of Coriandrum sativum L. by blanching. Korean J Human Ecology 5: 94-106.
  38. Kim BJ, Lee YD, Park JH. 2014. Microbial analysis of Aster scaber blanched with NaCl for storage. Korean J Food & Nutr 4: 551-557.

Cited by

  1. 표고버섯 분말을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성 vol.24, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.3.421
  2. 블랜칭 처리에 의한 신선편이 둥근마의 저장 중 품질 특성 vol.24, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.5.565
  3. 표고버섯가루 분말 첨가 식빵의 일반성분 및 품질 특성 vol.30, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.6.1319
  4. Optimization of Alcohol Metabolic Enzyme Activity of an Extract of Citrus sunki Hort. Tanaka Peel by Response Surface Methodology vol.50, pp.7, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.707
  5. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) slices according to temperature and duration of hot water treatment vol.28, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.6.716