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Spatio-temporal Distributions of Phytoplankton Community in the Coastal Waters of Gogunsan Islands(CoWGIs), West Sea of Korea

고군산군도 해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 분포 및 출현 환경특성

  • Yoon, Yang Ho (Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2014.10.28
  • Accepted : 2015.03.12
  • Published : 2015.03.31
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Abstract

This study examined the spatio-temporal distributions of the phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of Gogunsan Islands (CoWGIs), West Sea of Korea, from January to September 2011. A total of 104 species of phytoplankton belonging to 56 genera were identified. This was low compared to the surrounding seas of the West Sea. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates comprised 60.5% and 34.6%, respectively, and it was most diverse in autumn. The standing crops fluctuated from $9.6{\times}10^4cells/L$ to $1.0{\times}10^7cells/L$. This was high in winter and summer and low in spring and autumn. The seasonal dominant species were Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, and Chaetoceros debilis in winter, Guinardia delicatula in spring, Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, and Ch. curvisetus in summer, and S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, and Leptocylindrus danicus in autumn. The total number of autochthonous and tychopelagic species was 39 species. This showed a 1/3 (33.3%) decrease compared to the 1980's. The chlorophyll a concentration fluctuated from $3.82{\mu}g/L$ in autumn to $13.36{\mu}g/L$ in summer. The bio-oceanographic characteristics of the CoWGIs based on principle component analysis (PCA) showed that it was dominated by the Saemangeum water mass in the high temperature season and by the Geum River water mass in the low temperature season. In other words, there has been a conversion to a closed inner bay followed by the dramatic progress of eutrophication, even in the CoWGIs after completion of the Saemangeum embankment.

서해 새만금 방조제에 인접하는 고군산군도 해역에서 2011년 4회 계절별 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 공간적 분포특성 파악을 위한 현장조사를 실시하였다. 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 56속 104종으로 다양하였으나 기존 서해해역의 출현 종수에 비해 낮았다. 분류군별은 규조류가 60.5%, 와편모조류가 34.6%로 규조류 점유률이 높았다. 현존량은 가을 $9.6{\times}10^4cells/L$에서 겨울 $1.0{\times}10^7cells/L$의 범위로 큰 변동 폭과 값으로 겨울과 여름에 높고, 봄과 가을에 낮았다. 우점종은 겨울 Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, Chaetoceros debilis, 봄 Guinardia delicatula, 여름 Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, 그리고 가을 S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, Leptocylindrus danicus로 가을과 겨울을 제외하면 계절적 변화가 분명하였다. 또한 서해의 토착 및 일시성 부유종은 39종으로 1980년에 비해 1/3로 감소하였다. Chl-a 농도는 가을 $3.82{\mu}g/L$에서 여름 $13.36{\mu}g/L$로 변화하였고, 최대는 여름 $44.24{\mu}g/L$로 1980년대 서해 최대 $50{\mu}g/L$에 비하면 9배 가까운 증가를 나타내었다. 다만 Chl-a 농도와 세포밀도의 계절변화 사이에 유의적 관련성은 발견되지 않았다. 주성분분석에 의한 고군산군도 해역의 생물해양학적 특성은 고수온기에는 새만금 수괴, 저수온기에는 금강 수괴에 지배되었고, 중심목과 우상목 규조류의 출현 환경은 서로 다르게 나타났다. 즉 고군산군도 해역은 새만금 방조제 완공 이후 급격하게 부영양화가 진행되어, 현재 내만성 환경으로 진행되어 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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