동력기계공학회지 (Journal of Power System Engineering)

  • 제19권2호
  • /
  • Pages.5-14
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 2713-8429(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2713-8437(eISSN)
한국동력기계공학회 (The Korean Society for Power System Engineering)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

풍력발전기의 낙뢰피해 대책 검토 및 적용방안

An Application Method and Review of Lightning Protection for Wind Turbines

  • 한지훈 (제주대학교 대학원 풍력공학부 풍력기계시스템) ;
  • 고경남 (제주대학교 대학원 풍력공학부) ;
  • 허종철 (제주대학교 기계공학과)
  • Han, Ji-Hoon (Faculty of Wind Energy Engineering, Graduate School, Jeju National University) ;
  • Ko, Kyung-Nam (Faculty of Wind Energy Engineering, Graduate School, Jeju National University) ;
  • Huh, Jong-Chul (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.02.09
  • 심사 : 2015.03.09
  • 발행 : 2015.04.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This investigation presents reviews of many research results on lightning damage to wind turbines and lightning protection strategies from IEC Standard, Europe, USA, Japan and Korea. There have been few studies on lightning protection of wind turbines in Korea, while various investigations have been performed in the other countries. It is necessary to apply some good lightning protection strategies of IEC Standard and the other countries to Korea. Those are as follows: The guideline for lightning protection of wind turbines should be established based on IEC Standards. It needs to be carried out both development of software and experimental studies for understanding the types of lightning damage to wind turbines and compiling the database. In order to minimize the lightning damage to wind turbines, it is a key factor for wind farm owners and researchers to provide the information about the damage cases and wind farm operation technique.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. D. S. Yang, 2013, "Comparative study of lightning characteristics and damage to wind turbine in Jeju Island and Gangwon", Conference of the Korean Society for Power System Engineering.
  2. D. S. Yang, 2014, "A Comparative Study on Lightning Characteristics and Damage to Wind Turbines of Jeju Island and Gangwon Province", Master thesis, Jeju National University, Jeju.
  3. R. Kithil, 2008, "Case study of lightning damage to wind turbine blade", National Lightning Safety Institute, http://www.lightningsafety.com.
  4. I. Cotton, N. Jenkins and K. Pandiaraj, 2001, "Lightning protection for wind turbine blades and bearings", Wind Energy, Vol. 4, pp. 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.44
  5. S. Sekioka et al, 2007, "Damages in Japanese Wind Turbine Generator Systems due to Winter Lightning", International Symposium on Lightning Protection.
  6. NASA Science, 2001, "Where Lightning Strikes", Science News, http://www.science.nasa.gov.
  7. W. Schulz et al, 2005, "Cloud-to-ground lightning in Austria: A 10-year study using data from a lightning location system", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012), Vol. 110, D9.
  8. P. Manoochehrnia et al, 2007, "Lightning Statistics in Switzerland", 9th international Symposium on Lightning Protection.
  9. M. I. Lorentzou, N. D. Hatziargyriou and I. Cotton, 2004, "Key Issues in Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines", WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems, pp. 1408-1414.
  10. W. C. Valine and E. P. Krider, 2002, "Statistics and Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning with Multiple Ground Contacts", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012) Vol. 107, D20, AAC-8.
  11. M. S. Park, 2005, "Statistics of Lightning Damages and Lightning Protection Standards in Korea", Master thesis, Inha University, Incheon.
  12. Korea Information & Comm, 2004, "Contractors Association, Grounding Method for Information and Telecom", Korea Information & Comm, Contractors Association Business Development Room Technology Promotion, Korea.
  13. Observation-based bureau, 2008, "Lightning yearbook", Korea Meteorological Administration.
  14. National Emergency Management Agency, 2014, "Disaster Status Management Information Vol. 9: Lightning Strike", http://www.nema.go.kr.
  15. IEC TR 61400-24, 2002, "Wind Turbine Generator Systems-Part24: Lightning Protection".
  16. T. S. Sorensen et al, 2008, "The Update of IEC 61400-24 Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines", 29th International Conference on Lightning Protection, 23rd-26th.
  17. H. R. A. Wessels et al, 2002 "Lightning damage of OWECS part1: parameters relevant for cost modelling", ECN-C-02-053.
  18. T. Sorensen, F. V. Jensen and N. Raben, 2001, "Lightning protection for offshore wind turbines", IEE Conference Publication, Vol. 4, No. 482.
  19. B. Glushakow, 2007, "Effective Lightning Protection For Wind Turbine Generators", Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on 22.1, pp. 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2006.889622
  20. F. Rachidi et al, 2008, "A Review of Current Issues in Lightning Protection of New-Generation Wind-Turbine Blades", Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 55.6, pp. 2489-2496. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.896443
  21. V. Peesapati and I. Cotton, 2009, "Lightning protection of wind turbines - A comparison of real lightning strike data and finite element lightning attachment analysis", In Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009, SUPERGEN'09, International Conference on IEEE, pp. 1-8.
  22. V. Peesapati, 2010, "Lightning protection of wind turbines", EWEC 2010.
  23. C. W. Dodd, Thomas McCalla Jr. and James G. Smith, 1983, "How to protect a wind turbine from lightning", U.S. government printing office, United States.
  24. H. Rhoads et al, 2000, "Lightning activities in the DOE-EPRI turbine verification program", National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States.
  25. N. Wilson et al, 2013, "Lightning attachment to wind turbines in central Kansas", European Wind Energy Association.
  26. S. Tsutomu, 2003, "Recent Technique for Lightning Protection", The Japan Electric Association, Korean Electricity Commission Digital Library.
  27. M. Ishii and M. Saito, 2009, "Lightning electric field characteristics associated with transmission-line faults in winter", Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Transactions on 51.3, pp. 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2009.2025496
  28. Y. Yasuda et al, 2008, "Surge analysis on wind farm when winter lightning strikes", Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on 23.1, pp. 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2007.905361
  29. Y. Shiraishi and T. Otsuka, 2006, "Direct measurement of lightning current through a wind turbine generator structure", 2006 Source of the Document Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol. 157, No. 4, pp. 1529-1535.
  30. S. Yokoyama, 2013, "Lightning protection of wind turbine blades", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 94, pp. 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2012.07.017
  31. I. Ushiyama et al, 2008, "Wind Turbine Generator System Guideline in Japan", NEDO.
  32. Toyo-sekkei, 2013, "Research and Development of Wind Energy Technic: Lightning Protection", NEDO report of New Renewable Energy.
  33. T. Shindo et al, 2012, "Studies of lightning protection design for wind power generation systems in Japan", 44th International conference on large high voltage electric systems.
  34. K. B. Kim, K. N. Ko and J. C. Huh, 2007, "Characteristics of Lightning Occurred around Jeju Island and Analysis of Damage Case in Wind Turbine Generator System", Proceedings of the Autumn Meeting of The Korean Solar Energy Society, pp. 176-181.
  35. K. B. Kim et al, 2007, "An Analysis of Lightning Characteristics for Construction of Wind Farm", Proceedings of the Autumn Meeting of The Korean Solar Energy Society, pp. 211-223.
  36. J. H. Lee and C. S. Ryu, 2001, "Analysis of Lightning Characteristics in Korea, Journal of atmosphere", Conference Proceedings of Korea Meteorological Society, pp. 255-258.
  37. H. S. Eom and M. S. Suh, 2009, "Statistical Characteristics of Recent Lightning Occurred over South Korea", Journal of Korean Earth Science Society, pp. 210-222.
  38. H. M. Park, S. H. Jung and G. W. Lee, 2010, "Observed characteristics of lightning occurrence in Korea by KMA lightning observation system 2002-2009", Proceedings of the Autumn Meeting of KMS, pp. 468-469.
  39. J. H. Han, K. N. Ko and J. C. Huh, 2013, "Lightning characteristics and wind farm evaluation of lightning of jeju island for 2008-2012", The Korean Solar Energy Society, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 60-68. https://doi.org/10.7836/kses.2013.33.5.060
  40. Korea Southern Power Company Limited, 2012, "The review report of comprehensive measures caused by lightning damages", http://www.kospo.co.kr.
  41. K. N. Ko, K. B. Kim and J. C. Huh, 2008, "Characteristics of Lightning Occurred over Jeju Island for 2004-2006 and an Effect of Lightning on Wind Turbine Generator System", The Korean Solar Energy Society, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 83-89.
  42. K. N. Ko, M. J. Kang and J. C. Huh, 2007, "Analysis of Annual System Operating Characteristics at Hangwon Wind Farm on Jeju Island", The Korean Solar Energy Society, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 42-49.
  43. H. V. Erichsen, 2011, "Lightning protection of wind turbines", http://www.electricon.dk.
  44. NEG Micon, 2004, "Technical description: lightning protection system", NEG Micon A/S.
  45. W. Fellensiek and A. Bohm, 2007, "Earth and lightning protection system for ENERCON WECs", ENERCON project management, Denmark.
  46. Leutron, 2011, "Yellow protects: lightning and surge protection of wind turbines", Leutron GmbH, Germany.
  47. DEHN, 2012, "White paper: Lightning and Surge Protection for Wind Turbines", http://www.dehn.de.
  48. S. F. Madsen et al, 2006, "Interaction between Electrical Discharges and Materials for Wind Turbine Blades - particularly related to lightning protection", Doctoral dissertation, Technical University of Denmark.
  49. S. F. Madsen, C. F. Mieritz and H. dk ApS, 2011, "Current distribution and magnetic fields in complex structures using Comsol multiphysics", Excerpt from the Proceedings of the Comsol conference.
  50. S. F. Madsen et al, 2006, "New test method for evaluating the lightning protection system on wind turbine blades", Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Lightning Protection, pp. 18-22.
  51. D. Romero, J. Montanya and A. Candela, 2004, "Behaviour of the wind-turbines under lightning strikes including nonlinear grounding system", Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality.
  52. R. B. Rodrigues, V. M. F. Mendes and J. P. S. Catalao, 2012, "Analysis of transient phenomena due to a direct lightning strike on a wind energy system", Energies, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 2545-2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/en5072545
  53. R. B. Rodrigues, V. M. F. Mendes and J. P. S. Catalao, 2011, "Lightning surges on wind power systems", Electromagnetic Interference Issues in Power Electronics and Power Systems.
  54. M. I. Lorentzou, N. D. Hatziargyriou and B. C. Papadias, 2000, "Analysis of Wind Turbine Grounding Systems", Electrotechnical Conference, MELECON 2000, 10th Mediterranean, Vol. 3, pp. 936-939.
  55. R. B. Rodrigues, V. M. F. Mendes and J. P. S. Catalao, 2008, "A case study of risk analysis due to lightning for wind power plants", International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality.
  56. R. B. Rodrigues, V. M. F. Mendes and J. P. S. Catalao, 2009, "Estimation of lightning vulnerability points on wind power plants using the rolling sphere method", Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 67, No. 5, pp. 774-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2009.05.002
  57. B. McNiff and E. Muljadi, 1999, "Wind turbine lightning protection project", NREL report NREL/SR-500-31115, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31115.pdf.
  58. Mick Sagrillo, 2003, "Small turbine column: residential wind turbines and lightning", Windletter, Vol. 22, No. 11.
  59. James W. Patterson, Jr., 2005, "Development of obstruction lightning standards for wind turbine farms", U.S. department of transportation, federal aviation administration, Virginia.
  60. C. B. Hill, Y. Wang and O. I. Zhupanska, 2012, "Effects of Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper Layers on the Electrical and Impact Response of IM7/977-3 Composite Laminates", American Society for Composites 27th Annual Technical Conference.
  61. J. Montanya, O. Velde and E. R. Williams, 2014, "Lightning discharges produced by wind turbines", Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres, Vol. 119, No. 3, pp. 1455-1462. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020225
  62. Y. Hotta, 2011, "Analysis of information delivery system of lightning hazard map and it's framework", SCOPE accomplishment conference of ICT Innovation Forum.
  63. K. Tomohiro, 2002, "Lightning Damage Mechanism of FRP Blade in Wind Turbines", Master thesis, Kochi University of Technology.
  64. T. Ryokan, 2004, "Lightning Protection of FRP Blades for Wind Power Generators", Master thesis, Kochi University of Technology.
  65. Y. Yasuda, T. Hara and T. Funabashi, 2008, "Analysis of lightning surge propagation in wind farm", Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol. 162, No. 2, pp. 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/eej.20364
  66. Y. Yasuda and T. Funabashi, 2004, "Transient analysis on wind farm suffered from lightning", Universities Power Engineering Conference, 39th International, Vol. 1, pp. 202-206.
  67. Y. Yasuda, 2006, "A New Lightning Protection System for Wind Turbines using Two Ring-Shaped Electrodes", IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 314-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.20055
  68. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, http://www.nedo.go.jp.
  69. H. Stephen et al, 1997, "Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing and Evaluation: Chapter9 Lightning Protection for Wind Turbine Installations", Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems, 1st Edition.
  70. T. Buston et al, 2001, "Wind energy handbook", John Wiley & Sons, England, pp. 562-568.
  71. N. Veritas, 2002, "Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines", Det Norske Veritas: Wind Energy Department, Ris National Laboratory, pp. 106-114.
  72. M. C. Brower, 2012, "Wind resource assessment", John Wiley & Sons, England, pp. 77-80.
  73. Korea Meteorological Administration, http://www.kma.go.kr.
  74. Korean Meteorological Society, 2009, "Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences", Sigmapress, Korea, pp. 324-330.
  75. J. F. Manwell, J. G. Mcgowan and A. L. Rogers, "Wind energy explained: theory, design and application", John Wiley & Sons, England
  76. AWS Scientific Inc., 1997, "Wind resource assessment handbook", NREL, United States, pp. 26-27.