Journal of Acupuncture Research

Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society (대한침구의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Neuroprotection of Dopaminergic Neurons by Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture in in vitro and in vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPP+/MPTP Toxicity

  • Jun, Hyung Joon (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Nam, Sang Soo (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Young Suk (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2015.02.24
  • Accepted : 2015.03.04
  • Published : 2015.03.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Hominis-Placenta (HP)on dopaminergic neurons. Methods : We examined the effect of invitro administration of HP against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium( MPP+)-induced dopaminergic cell loss in primary mesencephalic culture and also used behavioral tests and performed analysis in the striatum and the substantia nigra of mouse brain, to confirm the effect of HP on dopaminergic neurons in an invivo 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. Animals were assigned to four groups: (1) Group 1(vehicle-treatedgroup), (2) Group 2(MPTPonlytreated group), (3) Group 3(MPTP+ saline-treated/$ST_{36}$ group), and (4) Group 4(MPTP+HP-treated/$ST_{36}$ group). HP at $20{\mu}L$ of 48 mg/kg dose was injected at $ST_{36}$ for 4 weeks at 2-day intervals. MPTP in saline was injected intraperitoneally each day for 5 days from the $8_{th}$ treatment of HP. We performed the pole test and rota-rod test on the first and seventh day after the last MPTP injection. To investigate the effect of HP on dopaminergic neurons, we performed analysis in the striatum and the substantia nigra of mouse brain after treatment with HP and/or MPTP. Results : Treatment with HP had no influence on cell proliferation and caused no cell toxicity in $PC_{12}$ and $HT_{22}$ cells. Our study showed that HP significantly prevented cell loss and protected neurites against MPP+ toxicity. Although the invivo treatment of HP herbal acupuncture at $ST_{36}$ showed a tendency to improve movement ability and protected dopaminergic cells and fibers in the substantia nigra and the striatum, it did not show significant changes compared with the MPTP treated group. Conclusions : These data suggest that HP could be a potential treatment strategy in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Keywords

References

  1. Oertel WH, Ellgring H. Parkinson's diseasemedical education and psychosocial aspects. Patient Educ Couns 1995 ; 26 : 71-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-3991(95)00757-Q
  2. Wang CC, Lin JD, Chen LL. Personal health maintenance: the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2010 ; 57(2) : 10-5.
  3. Kedar NP. Can we prevent Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease? J Postgrad Med. 2003 ; 49(3) : 236-45.
  4. Gupta M, Schwarz J, Chen XL, Roisen FJ. Gangliosides prevent MPTP toxicity in mice--an immunocytochemical study. Brain Res. 1990 ; 527(2) : 330-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(90)91154-9
  5. Rajendran PR, Thompson RE, Reich SG. The use of alternative therapies by patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001 ; 57(5) : 790-4. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.5.790
  6. Doo AR, Kim ST, Kim SN et al. Neuroprotective effects of bee venom pharmaceutical acupuncture in acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res. 2010 ; 32 Suppl 1 : 88-91. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164109X12537002794282
  7. Ferry P, Johnson M, Wallis P. Use of complementary therapies and non-prescribed medication in patients with Parkinson's disease. Postgrad Med J. 2002 ; 78(924) : 612-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.78.924.612
  8. Kim SR, Lee TY, Kim MS et al. 2009. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by Korean patients with Parkinson's disease. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery ; 111 : 156-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.09.011
  9. Park HJ, Lim S, Joo WS et al. Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson's disease model. Exp Neurol. 2003 ; 180(1) : 93-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4886(02)00031-6
  10. Liu XY, Zhou HF, Pan YL et al. Electroacupuncture stimulation protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-mediated damage in medial forebrain bundle-transected rats. Exp Neurol. 2004 ; 189(1) : 189-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.028
  11. Kim YK, Lim HH, Song YK et al. Effect of acupuncture on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostratal dopaminergic neuronal cell death in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2005 ; 384(1-2) : 133-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.068
  12. Jeon S, Kim YJ, Kim ST et al. Proteomic analysis of the neuroprotective mechanisms of acupuncture treatment in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Proteomics. 2008 ; 8(22) : 4822-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200700955
  13. Wang X, Liang XB, Li FQ et al. Therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease: the ancient meets the future-traditional Chinese herbal medicine, electroacupuncture, gene therapy and stem cells. Neurochem Res. 2008 ; 33(10) : 1956-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9691-z
  14. Lim SC, Seo JC, Lee KM et al. Scavening effect of Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture solution on nitric oxide. The Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society 2007 ; 24(4) : 99-105.
  15. Kim JI, Yang EJ, Lee MS et al. Bee venom reduces neuroinflammation in the MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci. 2011 ; 121(4) : 209-17. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2010.548613
  16. Lee SK, Lee JD, Koh HK et al. The study on the Hominis Placenta aqua-acupuncture solution. The Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society 2000 ; 17(1) : 67-74.
  17. Hijikata Y, Kano T, Xi L. Treatment for intractable anemia with the traditional Chinese medicines Hominis Placenta and Cervi Cornus Colla (deer antler glue). Int J Gen Med. 2009 ; 30(2) : 83-90.
  18. Shibasaki T, Odagiri E, Shizume K et al. Corticotropin- releasing factor-like activity in human placental extracts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982 ; 55(2) : 384-6. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-55-2-384
  19. Goldfarb G, Doan Ba Tri, Duran A. Human placenta for chronic leg ulcers. Lancet. 1980 ; 2(8184) : 40.
  20. Kim KW, Suh SJ, Lee TK et al. Effect of safflower seeds supplementation on stimulation of the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 ; 115(1) : 42-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.003
  21. Jin UH, Kim DI, Lee TK et al. Herbal formulation, Yukmi-jihang-tang-Jahage, regulates bone resorption by inhibition of phosphorylation mediated by tyrosine kinase Src and cyclooxygenase expression. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 ; 106(3) : 333-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.012
  22. Chang GT, Min SY, Kim JH et al. Anti-thrombic activity of Korean herbal medicine, Dae-Jo-Whan and its herbs. Vascul Pharmacol. 2005 ;43(4) : 283-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.014
  23. Hong HT, Kim HJ, Lee TK et al. Inhibitory effect of a Korean traditional medicine, Honghwain- Jahage(water extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and Hominis placenta) on interleukin-1-mediated bone resorption. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 ; 79(2) : 143-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00371-3
  24. Yeom MJ, Lee HC, Kim GH et al. Therapeutic effects of Hominis placenta injection into an acupuncture point on the inflammatory responses in subchondral bone region of adjuvant-induced polyarthritic rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 ; 26(10) : 1472-7. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1472
  25. Lee BH. The effects of Hominis Placenta herbalacupuncture solution on the Alzheimer's disease model induced by ${\beta}A$. Department of Oriental medicine Graduate school of Daegu Hanny University. 2008.
  26. Lee MS, Shin BC, Kong JC et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2008 ; 23(11) : 1505-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21993
  27. Joh TH, Park HJ, Kim SN et al. Recent development of acupuncture on Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res. 2010 ; 32 Suppl 1 : 5-9.
  28. Huang Y, Jiang X, Zhuo Y et al. Complementary acupuncture treatment increases cerebral metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci. 2009 ; 119(8) : 1190-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450802336774
  29. Rosen T, Krikun G, Ma Y et al. Chronic antagonism of nuclear factor-kappaB activity in cytotrophoblasts by dexamethasone: a potential mechanism for antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids in human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 ; 83(10) : 3647-52. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.10.3647
  30. Matsumoto T, Sugiyama Y, Deguchi K et al. An ADPase-like substance in placental extracts. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 ; 16(3) : 267-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1990.tb00237.x
  31. Hutton RA, Dandona P, Chow FP et al. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by placental extracts. Thromb Res. 1980 ; 17(3-4) : 465-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(80)90081-X
  32. Chang GT, Oh JY, Choi EY et al. Purification and characterization of a new anticoagulant protein, PP27, from placenta. Thromb Res. 2005 ; 116(5) : 421-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2005.02.001
  33. Jang SY. Effect of Hominis Placenta on radiation- induced apoptosis and crypt regeneration in rat small intestine. Department of Oriental medicine Graduate school of Kyunghee University. 2005.
  34. Grünblatt E, Mandel S, Youdim MB. Neuroprotective strategies in Parkinson's disease using the models of 6-hydroxydopamine and MPTP. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 ; 899 : 262-73.
  35. Ara J, PrzedborskiS, Naini AB et al. Inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nitration following exposure to peroxynitrite and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 ; 95(13) : 7659-63. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7659
  36. Rozas G, Lopez-Martin E, Guerra MJ et al. The overall rod performance test in the MPTP-treated- mouse model of Parkinsonism. J Neurosci Methods. 1998 ; 83(2) : 165-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0270(98)00078-8
  37. Ju MS, Kim HG, Choi JG et al. Cassiae semen, a seed of cassiaobtusifolia, has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease models. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 ; 48(8-9) : 2037-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.002
  38. Fujikawa T, Miguchi S, Kanada N et al. Acanthopanax senticosus Harms as a prophylactic for MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 ; 97(2) : 375-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.031
  39. Luchtman DW, Shao D, Song C. Behavior, neurotransmitters and inflammation in three regimens of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Physiol Behav. 2009 ; 98(1-2) : 130-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.021
  40. Gorton LM, Vuckovic MG, Vertelkina N et al. Exercise effects on motor and affective behavior and catecholamine neurochemistry in the MPTPlesioned mouse. Behav Brain Res. 2010 ; 213(2) : 253-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.009
  41. L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Caniglia S et al. Combining nitric oxide release with anti-inflammatory activity preserves nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation and prevents motor impairment in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroinflammation. 2010 ; 23(7) : 83.
  42. Ferger B, Leng A, Mura A et al, Genetic ablation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and pharmacological inhibition of TNF-synthesis attenuates MPTP toxicity in mouse striatum. J Neurochem. 2004 ; 89(4) : 822. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02399.x
  43. Shim JS, Kim HG, Ju MS et al. Effects of the hook of Uncaria rhynchophyllaon neurotoxicity in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 ; 126(2) : 361-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.023
  44. Ju MS, Lee P, Kim HG et al. Protective effects of standardized Thuja orientalis leaves against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 ; 24(3) : 759-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.026
  45. Lee CH, Hwang DS, Kim HG et al. Protective effect of Cyperi rhizomaagainst 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage. J Med Food. 2010 ; 13(3) : 564-71. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.1252
  46. Choi JG, Kim HG, Kim MC et al. Polygalae radix inhibits toxin-induced neuronal death in the Parkinson's disease models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 ; 134(2) : 414-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.030
  47. Gao HM, Hong JS. Why neurodegenerative diseases are progressive: uncontrolled inflammation drives disease progression. Trends Immunol. 2008 ; 29(8) : 357-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
  48. Kang JM, Park HJ, Choi YG et al. Acupuncture inhibits microglial activation and inflammatory events in the MPTP-induced mouse model. Brain Res. 2007 ; 1131(1) : 211-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.089
  49. Liberatore GT, Jackson-Lewis V, Vukosavic S et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 1999 ; 5(12) : 1403-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/70978
  50. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004 ; 10 Suppl 1 : S3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.01.005
  51. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008 ; 23(4) : 474-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21751
  52. Gao HM, Liu B, Zhang W et al. Novel anti-inflammatory therapy for Parkinson's disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2003 ; 24(8) : 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00176-7
  53. Marchetti B, Abbracchio MP. To be or not to be (inflamed)-is that the question in anti-inflammatory drug therapy of neurodegenerative disorders? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005 ; 26(10) : 517-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2005.08.007
  54. Whitton PS. Inflammation as a causative factor in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 ; 150(8) : 963-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707167
  55. Tansey MG, Goldberg MS. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: its role in neuronal death and implications for therapeutic intervention. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 ; 37(3) : 510-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.004
  56. Chae HJ, Choi KH, Chae SW et al. Placenta Hominis protects osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006 ; 28(1) : 165-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923970600626197
  57. Jhi YH. Effect of pre-treatment with the human placental extract on neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus of radiation-exposed mice. Department of Oriental medicine Graduate school of Kyungwon University. 2007
  58. Chang GT, Oh JY, Choi EY et al. Purification and characterization of a new anticoagulant protein, PP27, from placenta. Thromb Res. 2005 ; 116(5) : 421-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2005.02.001
  59. Jang SY, Park JW, Bu Y et al. Protective effects of Hominis placenta hydrolysates on radiation enteropathy in mice. Nat Prod Res. 2011 ; 27.

Cited by

  1. A case report on the use of processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract and Korean medical treatment for a patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) vol.33, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2016029
  2. 파킨슨병에 대한 국내 한의학 관련 실험 연구 동향 vol.28, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2017.28.3.145
  3. Systematic Review of Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture in English and Korean Literature vol.34, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.13045/jar.2017.02236
  4. Drug-Induced Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Treatment with Korean Medicine vol.36, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.13045/jar.2019.00066