Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Leaves Phenolic Fraction

  • Lee, Da-Bin (School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Do-Hyung (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Je, Jae-Young (Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University)
  • Received : 2015.01.14
  • Accepted : 2015.02.23
  • Published : 2015.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Phenolic rich ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from lotus leaves was prepared and its bioactive components, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects were investigated. EAF showed high total phenolic content and flavonoid content and contained rutin ($11,331.3{\pm}4.5mg/100g\;EAF$), catechin ($10,853.8{\pm}5.8mg/100g\;EAF$), sinapic acid ($1,961.3{\pm}5.6mg/100g\;EAF$), chlorogenic acid ($631.9{\pm}2.3mg/100g\;EAF$), syringic acid ($512.3{\pm}2.5mg/100g\;EAF$), and quercetin ($415.0{\pm}2.1mg/100g\;EAF$). EAF exerted the $IC_{50}$ of $4.46{\mu}g/mL$ and $5.35{\mu}g/mL$ toward DPPH and ABTS cation radicals, respectively, and showed strong reducing power, which was better than that of ascorbic acid, a positive control. Additionally, EAF protected hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage indicated by the conversion of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA to the open circular form and inhibited lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid in a linoleic acid emulsion. In cultured hepatocytes, EAF exerted a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, depletion of glutathione under oxidative stress was remarkably restored by treatment with EAF. The results suggest that EAF have great potential to be used against oxidative stress-induced health conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. Aruoma OI. 2004. Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 32: 671-683.
  2. Chen Y, Dong H, Thompson DC, Shertzer HG, Nebert DW, Vasiliou V. 2013. Glutathione defense mechanism in liver injury: insights from animal models. Food Chem Toxicol 60: 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.008
  3. Yen GC, Duh PD, Su HJ. 2005. Antioxidant properties of lotus seed and its effect on DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Food Chem 89: 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.045
  4. Du H, You JS, Zhao X, Park JY, Kim SH, Chang KJ. 2010. Antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of lotus leaf hot water extract with taurine supplementation in rats fed a high fat diet. J Biomed Sci 17: S42 https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S42
  5. Huang B, Ban XQ, He JS, Tong J, Tian J, Wang YW. 2010. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of edible lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves. Food Chem 120: 873-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.020
  6. Ha JY, Lee KE, Park JM, Dong AY, Shin HS. 2010. Cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf extracts on the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell. Food Sci Biotechnol 19: 1171-1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-010-0167-y
  7. Huang CF, Chen YW, Yang CY, Lin HY, Way TD, Chiang W, Liu SH. 2011. Extract of lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) and its active constituent catechin with insulin secretagogue activity. J Agric Food Chem 59: 1087-1094. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103382h
  8. Lin HY, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Chiang WC. 2009. Antioxidative effect and active components from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). J Agric Food Chem 57: 6623-6629. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900950z
  9. Li MY, Xu ZT. 2008. Quercetin in a lotus leaves extract may be responsible for antibacterial activity. Arch Pharm Res 31: 640-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1206-5
  10. Yang DM, Wang QS, Ke LQ, Jiang JM, Ying TJ. 2007. Antioxidant activities of various extracts of lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) rhizome. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16: 158-163.
  11. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol 299: 152-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
  12. Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma OG. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem 91: 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006
  13. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  14. Park MK, Kim CH. 2009. Extraction of polyphenols from apple peel using cellulase and pectinase and estimation of antioxidant activity. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 535-540. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.5.535
  15. Oyaizu M. 1986. Studies on products of browning reaction: antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn J Nutr Diet 44: 307-315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
  16. Yeung SY, Lan WH, Huang CS, Lin CP, Chan CP, Chang MC, Jeng JH. 2002. Scavenging property of three cresol isomers against $H_2O_2$, hypochlorite, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Food Chem Toxicol 40: 1403-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00102-3
  17. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Denev P, Gargova S. 2007. Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Food Chem 102: 764-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.023
  18. Lee DS, Cho YS, Je JY. 2013. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan-phloroglucinol conjugates. Fish Aquat Sci 16: 229-235.
  19. Jung HA, Jung YJ, Yoon NY, Jeong DM, Bae HJ, Kim DW, Na DH, Choi JS. 2008. Inhibitory effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on rat lens aldose reductase, advanced glycation endproducts formation, and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 46: 3818-3826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.004
  20. Maurya DK, Adhikari S, Nair CK, Devasagayam TP. 2007. DNA protective properties of vanillin against ${\gamma}$-radiation under different conditions: possible mechanisms. Mutat Res 634: 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.06.003
  21. Pryor WA. 1982. Free radical biology: xenobiotics, cancer, and aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 393: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31228.x
  22. Torel J, Cillard J, Cillard P. 1986. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxy radical. Phytochemistry 25: 383-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85485-0
  23. Reid M, Jahoor F. 2001. Glutathione in disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 4: 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200101000-00012

Cited by

  1. Nelumbo Nucifera leaf protects against UVB-induced wrinkle formation and loss of subcutaneous fat through suppression of MCP3, IL-6 and IL-8 expression vol.161, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.006
  2. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma Mixture on Reflux Esophagitis in Rats vol.2016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2052180
  3. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profiling ofNelumbo Nucifera: Potential for Drug Development vol.31, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5732
  4. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate extract of Gynura formosana (Kitam) leaves vol.14, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4757
  5. Low-Molecular-Weight Oligonol, a Polyphenol Derived from Lychee Fruit, Attenuates Experimental Reflux Esophagitis and HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer vol.20, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.3972
  6. Lotus Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids: Health Promotion and Safe Consumption Dosages vol.17, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12333
  7. digestion on the composition of flavonoids and antioxidant activities of the lotus leaf at different growth stages vol.53, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13746
  8. : phytochemicals, health promoting activities and beyond pp.1549-7852, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1553846
  9. Effects of thermal processing methods and simulated digestion on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lotus leaves vol.43, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13869
  10. 연잎, 연 줄기 및 연자방 추출물의 In Vitro 항산화 활성과 항균 활성에 관한 연구 vol.30, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.4.771
  11. Inhibitory Effect of Flavonoid Extract of Lotus Leaf on Alcohol-Induced Gastric Injury by Antioxidant Capacity in Mice vol.2020, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1206247
  12. Improvement of Inflammation through Antioxidant Pathway of Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH Extract (GE) from Acute Reflux Esophagitis Rats vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4826176
  13. Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice vol.8, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020041
  14. Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities in rats vol.35, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22623
  15. Lotus leaf extract inhibits ER− breast cancer cell migration and metastasis vol.18, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-021-00549-0