DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Advances in High Efficiency Back Contact Back Junction Solar Cells

  • Balaji, Nagarajan (Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Park, Cheolmin (Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Raja, Jayapal (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Yi, Junsin (Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 투고 : 2015.05.08
  • 심사 : 2015.05.23
  • 발행 : 2015.06.30

초록

In the past few decade's researchers, scientists, engineers of photovoltaic (PV) industry are working towards low cost high efficiency Si solar cells. Over the last decade the interest in back contact solar cell has been acquiring as well as a gradual introduction to industrial applications is increasing. As an alternative to conventional solar cells with a front and rear contact, the back-contact cells has remained a research topic. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive summary of results incurred in the back contact back junction solar cells such as interdigitated back-contact (IBC), emitter wrap-through (EWT) and metallization wrap-through (MWT) over the years.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. von Aichberger S. "Bus connectios, market survey on tabbers, stringers, and combined tabbers and stringers (CTS)," Photon International, September 2004;68-85.
  2. De Jong P. Solar cell contact design. US Patent 3,903,428, September 1975.
  3. Pack G. Solar cell connections. US Patent 3,903,427, September 1975.
  4. Lammert M. D. and Schwartz R. J, "The interdigitated back contact solar cell: a silicon solar cell for use in concentrated sunlight," IEEE Translations on Electron Devices, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 337-342,1977. https://doi.org/10.1109/T-ED.1977.18738
  5. Sinton R. A., Kwark Y., Gan J. Y., and Swanson R. M., "27.5percent silicon concentrator solar cells," IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 567-569, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDL.1986.26476
  6. Macdonald D., and Geerligs L. J., "Recombination activity of interstitial iron and other transition metal point defects in p and n-type crystalline silicon," Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 85, pp. 4061-4063, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1812833
  7. Mulligan W. P., Rose D. H., Cudzinovic M. J., et al., "Manufacture of solar cells with 21% efficiency," in Proceedings of the 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (EUPVSEC '04), p. 387, Paris, France, June 2004.
  8. Cudzinovic M. J. and McIntosh K. R., "Process simplifications to the pegasus solar cell Sunpower's high-efficiency bifacial silicon solar cell," in Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC '02), pp. 70-73, New Orleans, La,USA, May 2002.
  9. McIntosh K. R., Cudzinovic M. J., Smith D. D., Mulligan W. P. and Swanson R. M., "The choice of silicon wafer for the production of low-cost rear-contact solar cells," in Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC '03), vol. 1, pp. 971-974, Osaka, Japan, May 2003.
  10. Engelhart P., Harder N.P., Grischke R., Merkle A., Meyer R and Brendel R., "Laser structuring for back junction silicon solar cells," Prog. Photovolt Res. Appl. Vol.15, pp. 237-243 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.732
  11. Granek F., Hermle M., Reichel C., Schultz-Wittmann O and Glunz S. W., "High-efficiency back-contact back-junction silicon solar cell research at Fraunhofer ISE," Proc. of the 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Valencia,Spain, pp. 991-995, 2008.
  12. Guo J. H., Tjahjono B. S and Cotter J. E., "19.2% efficiency n-type laser-grooved silicon solar cells," Proc. of the 31st IEEE Pho-tovoltaic Specialist Conference, Orlando, Florida, pp. 983-986, 2005.
  13. Gong C., Van Kerschaver E., Robbelein J., Janssens T., Posthuma N., Poortmans J and Mertens R., "Screen-printed aluminum-alloyed p+ emitter on high-efficiency n-type interdigitated back-contact silicon solar cells," IEEE Elec. Dev. Lett. Vol.31, pp.576-578, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2010.2045151
  14. Kluska S., Granek F., Rudiger M., Hermle M and Glunz S. W., "Modeling and optimization study of industrial n-type highefficiency back-contact back-junction silicon solar cells," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. Vol.94, pp.568-577, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.11.025
  15. Verlinden P. J., Aleman M., Posthuma N., Fernandez J., Pawlak B., Robbelein J., Debucquoy M., Van Wichelen K and Poortmans J., "Simple power-loss analysis method for highefficiency interdigitated back contact (IBC) silicon solar cells," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells.Vol.106, pp.37-41, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.06.008
  16. Castano F. J., Morecroft D., Cascant M., Yuste H., Lamers M. W. P. E., Mewe A. A., Romijn I. G., Bende E. E., Komatsu Y., Weeber A.W and I. Cesar, "Industrially feasible >19% efficiency IBC cells for pilot line processing," Proc. of the 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Valencia, Spain, pp. 1038-1042, 2011.
  17. Reichel C., Granek F., Hermle M and Glunz S. W., "Investigation of electrical shading effects in back-contacted back-junction silicon solar cells using the two-dimensional charge collection probability and the reciprocity throrem," J. Appl. Phys. Vol.109, pp. 024507, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524506
  18. Granek F., Hermle M., Huljic D. M., Schultz-Wittmann O and Glunz S. W., "Enhanced lateral current transport via the front n+ diffused layer of n-type high-efficiency back-junction backcontact silicon solar cells," Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. Vol.17, pp. 47-56, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.862
  19. F. Granek, High-efficiency back-contact back-junction silicon solar cells, Ph.D. thesis, Fraunhofer ISE, (2009).
  20. Harder N.P., Mertens V and Brendel R., "Buried emitter solar cell structures: decoupling of metallization geometry and carrier collection geometry of back contacted solar cells," Phys. Status Solidi (RRL). Vol.2, pp.148-150, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.200802113
  21. Reichel C., Granek F., Hermle M and Glunz S. W., "Enhanced current collection in back-contacted back-junction Si solar cells by overcompensating a boron emitter with a phosphorus basetype doping," Phys. Status Solidi A. Vol. 207, pp.1978-1981, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200925509
  22. Cousins P. J., Smith D. D, Luan H. C, Manning J., Dennis T. D, Waldhauer A., Wilson K. E, Harley G and Mulligan G. P., "Gen III:improved performance at lower cost, Proc. of the 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 823-826, 2010.
  23. Bock R., Mau S., Schmidt J and Brendel R., "Back-junction backcontact n-type silicon solar cells with screen-printed aluminum alloyed emitter," Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol.96, pp.263507, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3456536
  24. Reichel C., Reusch M., Granek F., Hermle M and Glunz S. W., "Decoupling charge carrier collection and metallization geometry of back-contacted back-junction silicon solar cells by using insulating thin films," Proc. of the 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 1034-1038, 2010.
  25. van Kerschaver E., Einhaus R., Szlufcik J., Nijs J., Mertens R., in Proceeding of the 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 1998, pp. 1479-1482.
  26. S Inoue et al., Proc. 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 2008, pp.988.
  27. J. M. Gee,W. K. Schuber, and P.A. Basore "Emitter wrapthrough solar cell," Proc. of the 23rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, pp. 265-270, 1993.
  28. J. M. Gee, M. E. Buck,W. K. Schuber, and P. A. Basore "Progress on the emitter wrap-through silicon solar cell," Proc. of the 12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 743-746, 1994.
  29. T. Saga, "Advances in crystalline silicon solar cell technology for industrial mass production," NPG Asia Mater. Vol.2, pp.96-102, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.82
  30. S. Hermann, P. Engelhart, A. Merkle, T. Neubert, T. Brendemuhl, M. Meyer, N.P. Harder, and R. Brendel, "21.4%-efficient emitter wrap-through RISE solar cell on large area and picosecond laser processing of local contact openings," Proc. of the 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Milan, Italy, pp. 970-975 (2007).
  31. J. M. Gee, P. Kumar, J. Howarth, T. Schroeder, J. Franklin, J. Dominguez, D. Tanner, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. Vol.19, pp.887-893, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.1075
  32. Kiefer F., Ulzhofer C., BrendemuhlT., Harder N.P., Brendel R., Mertens V., Bordihn S., Peters C and Muller J. W., "High efficiency n-type Emitter-Wrap-Through silicon solar cells," IEEE J.Photovoltaics Vol.1, pp.49-53, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2011.2164953