DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora Causing Root Rot of Pomelo Using Chaetomium spp.

  • Hung, Phung Manh (International College, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)) ;
  • Wattanachai, Pongnak (King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)) ;
  • Kasem, Soytong (King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)) ;
  • Poaim, Supatta (King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL))
  • Received : 2014.11.06
  • Accepted : 2015.01.27
  • Published : 2015.03.31

Abstract

Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of $26.5{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.

Keywords

References

  1. Drenth A, Sendall B. Economic impact of Phytophthora diseases in Southeast Asia. In: Drenth A, Guest DI, editors. Diversity and management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 114. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agriculture; 2004. p. 10-28.
  2. Erwin DC, Ribeiro OK. Phytophthora diseases worldwide. St. Paul: APS Press; 1996.
  3. Naqvi SA. Diagnosis and management of certain important fungal diseases of citrus. In: Naqvi SA, editor. Diseases of fruits and vegetables. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004. p. 247-90.
  4. Zitko SE, Timmer LW, Sandler HA. Isolation of Phytophthora palmivora pathogenic to citrus in Florida. Plant Dis 1991;75:532-5. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-75-0532
  5. Zitko SE, Timmer LW. Competitive parasitic abilities of Phytophthora parasitica and P. palmivora on fibrous roots of citrus. Phytopathology 1994;84:1000-4. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-1000
  6. Bruin GC, Edgington LV. The chemical control of diseases caused by zoosporic fungi: a many-sided problem. In: Buczacki ST, editor. Zoosporic plant pathogens: a modern perspective. London: Academic Press; 1983. p. 193-233.
  7. Zhang Q, Li HQ, Zong SC, Gao JM, Zhang AL. Chemical and bioactive diversities of the genus Chaetomium secondary metabolites. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012;12:127-48. https://doi.org/10.2174/138955712798995066
  8. Longoni P, Rodolfi M, Pantaleoni L, Doria E, Concia L, Picco AM, Cella R. Functional analysis of the degradation of cellulosic substrates by a Chaetomium globosum endophytic isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012;78:3693-705. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00124-12
  9. Sun H, Yang J, Lin C, Huang X, Xing R, Zhang KQ. Purification and properties of a beta-1,3-glucanase from Chaetomium sp. that is involved in mycoparasitism. Biotechnol Lett 2006;28:131-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-005-5132-0
  10. Soytong K, Kanokmedhakul S, Kukongviriyapa V, Isobe M. Application of Chaetomium species ($Ketomium^{(R)}$as a new broad spectrum biological fungicide for plant disease control: a review article. Fungal Divers 2001;7:1-15.
  11. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. New York: Academic Press; 1990. p. 315-22.
  12. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011;28:2731-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
  13. Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Nasomjai P, Louangsysouphanh S, Soytong K, Isobe M, Kongsaeree P, Prabpai S, Suksamrarn A. Antifungal azaphilones from the fungus Chaetomium cupreum CC3003. J Nat Prod 2006;69:891-5. https://doi.org/10.1021/np060051v
  14. Graham JH, Timmer LW. Phytophthora diseases of Citrus. In: Singh US, Mukhopadhay AN, Kumar J, Chaube HS, editors. Plant diseases of international importance: diseases of vegetables and oil seed crops. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc.; 1992. p. 250-69.
  15. Alabouvette C, Olivain C, Steinberg C. Biological control of plant diseases: the European situation. Eur J Plant Pathol 2006;114:329-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-0233-0
  16. Sibounnavong P, Charoenporn C, Kanokmedhakul S, Soytong K. Antifungal metabolites from antagonistic fungi used to control tomato wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Afr J Biotechnol 2011;10:19714-22.
  17. Heller WE, Theiler-Hedtrich R. Antagonism of Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma viride to four soil-borne Phytophthora species. J Phytopathol 1994;141:390-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb04514.x
  18. Pecchprome S, Soytong K. Integrated biological control of Durian stem and root rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora. In: Proceeding of First International Symposium on Biopesticides; 1996 Oct 27-31; Phitsanulok, Thailand. Bankok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 1997. p. 228-37.
  19. Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Soytong K, Suksamrarn A. Bioactive compounds from Chaetomium cupreum, Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma harzianum for plant disease control and plant growth stimulant. In: Proceeding of International Conference on Engineering, Applied Science and Technology; 2007 Nov 21-23; Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok: King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; 2007. p. 626-9.
  20. Pornsuriya C, Soytong K, Kanokmedhakul S, Lin FC. Efficacy of antifungal metabolites from some antagonistic fungi against Pythium aphanidermatum. J Agric Technol 2010;6:299-308.
  21. Park JH, Choi GJ, Jang KS, Lim HK, Kim HT, Cho KY, Kim JC. Antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi of chaetoviridins isolated from Chaetomium globosum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005;252:309-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.013