DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Phenomenology of nonlinear aeroelastic responses of highly deformable joined wings

  • Cavallaro, Rauno (Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University) ;
  • Iannelli, Andrea (Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Pisa) ;
  • Demasi, Luciano (Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University) ;
  • Razon, Alan M. (Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University)
  • 투고 : 2014.07.15
  • 심사 : 2014.09.22
  • 발행 : 2015.04.25

초록

Dynamic aeroelastic behavior of structurally nonlinear Joined Wings is presented. Three configurations, two characterized by a different location of the joint and one presenting a direct connection between the two wings (SensorCraft-like layout) are investigated. The snap-divergence is studied from a dynamic perspective in order to assess the real response of the configuration. The investigations also focus on the flutter occurrence (critical state) and postcritical phenomena. Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) are observed, possibly followed by a loss of periodicity of the solution as speed is further increased. In some cases, it is also possible to ascertain the presence of period doubling (flip-) bifurcations. Differences between flutter (Hopf's bifurcation) speed evaluated with linear and nonlinear analyses are discussed in depth in order to understand if a linear (and thus computationally less intense) representation provides an acceptable estimate of the instability properties. Both frequency- and time-domain approaches are compared. Moreover, aerodynamic solvers based on the potential flow are critically examined. In particular, it is assessed in what measure more sophisticated aerodynamic and interface models impact the aeroelastic predictions. When the use of the tools gives different results, a physical interpretation of the leading mechanism generating the mismatch is provided. In particular, for PrandtlPlane-like configurations the aeroelastic response is very sensitive to the wake's shape. As a consequence, it is suggested that a more sophisticate modeling of the wake positively impacts the reliability of aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis. For SensorCraft-like configurations some LCOs are characterized by a non-synchronous motion of the inner and outer portion of the lower wing: the wing's tip exhibits a small oscillation during the descending or ascending phase, whereas the mid-span station describes a sinusoidal-like trajectory in the time-domain.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Attar, P.J., Dowell, E.H. and White, J. (2004), "Modeling the LCO of a delta wing using a high fidelity structural model", 3, 1986-2000.
  2. Attar, P. and Gordnier, R. (2006), "Aeroelastic prediction of the limit cycle oscillations of a cropped delta wing", J. Fluid. Struct., 22(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.08.010
  3. Bernardini, G. (1999), "Problematiche aerodinamiche relative alla progettazione di configurazioni innovative", Ph.D. Thesis, Politecnico di Milano.
  4. Bhasin, S., Chen, P., Wan, Z. and Demasi, L. (2012), "Dynamic nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of the joined wing configuration", Proceedings of the 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, April.
  5. Blair, M., Canfield, R.A. and Roberts Jr., R.W. (2005), "Joined-wing aeroelastic design with geometric nonlinearity", J. Aircraf., 42(4), 832-848. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.2199
  6. Cavallaro, R., Demasi, L. and Bertuccelli, F. (2013a), "Risks of linear design of joined wings: a nonlinear dynamic perspective in the presence of follower forces", Proceedings of the 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April.
  7. Cavallaro, R., Demasi, L., Bertuccelli, F. and Benson, D.J. (2013b), "Risks of linear design of joined wings: a nonlinear dynamic perspective in the presence of follower forces", CEAS Aeronaut. J., 1-20.
  8. Cavallaro, R., Demasi, L. and Passariello, A. (2012), "Nonlinear analysis of PrandtlPlane joined wings - Part II: effects of anisotropy", Proceedings of the 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, April.
  9. Cavallaro, R., Demasi, L. and Passariello, A. (2014a), "Nonlinear analysis of PrandtlPlane joined wings: effects of anisotropy", AIAA J., 52 (5), 964-980. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J052242
  10. Cavallaro R., Iannelli A., Demasi, L. and Razon, A.M. (2014b), "Phenomenology of nonlinear aeroelastic responses of highly deformable joined-winds configurations", ALAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition: 55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, National Harbor, Maryland, January.
  11. Cebral, J.R. and Lohner, R. (1997), "Conservative load projection and tracking for fluid-structure problems", AIAA J., 35(4), 687-692. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.158
  12. Celniker, G. and Gossard, D. (1991), "Deformable curve and surface finite-elements for free-form shape design", Comput. Graph., 25(4), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1145/127719.122746
  13. Chambers, J.R. (2005), Innovation in Flight: Research of the NASA Langley Research Center on Revolutionary Advanced Concepts for Aeronautics, NASA.
  14. DalCanto, D., Frediani, A., Ghiringhelli, G.L. and Terraneo, M. (2012), "The lifting system of a PrandtlPlane, Part 1: design and analysis of a light alloy structural solution", Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering: Mathematical Challenges for Aerospace Design, Springer US, 211-234.
  15. Demasi, L., Cavallaro, R. and Razon, A. (2013a), "Postcritical analysis of PrandtlPlane joined-wing configurations", AIAA J., 51(1), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J051700
  16. Demasi, L., Cavallaro, R. and Bertuccelli, F. (2013b), "Post-critical analysis of joined wings: the concept of snap-divergence as a characterization of the instability", 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, April.
  17. Demasi, L., Dipace, A., Monegato, G. and Cavallaro, R. (2014), "Invariant formulation for the minimum induced drag conditions of non-planar wing systems", AIAA J., doi: 10.2514/1.J052837.
  18. Demasi, L. and Livne, E. (2007), "The structural order reduction challenge in the case of geometrically nonlinear joined-wing configurations", Proceedings of the 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, April.
  19. Demasi, L. and Livne, E. (2009a), "Contributions to joined-wing aeroelasticity", International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics Conference, Seattle, Washington, June.
  20. Demasi, L. and Livne, E. (2009b), "Dynamic aeroelasticity of structurally nonlinear configurations using linear modally reduced aerodynamic generalized forces", AIAA J., 47, 71-90.
  21. Demasi, L. and Livne, E. (2009c), "Aeroelastic coupling of geometrically nonlinear structures and linear unsteady aerodynamics: Two formulations", J. Fluid. Struct., 25(5), 918 -935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2009.03.001
  22. Demasi, L. and Palacios, A. (2010), "A reduced order nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of joined wings based on the proper orthogonal decomposition", Proceedings of the 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference, Orlando, Florida, April.
  23. Deparis, S., Discacciati, M., Fourestey, G. and Quarteroni, A. (2006), "Fluid-structure algorithms based on Steklov-Poincare operators", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 195(4143), 5797-5812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2005.09.029
  24. Divoux, N. and Frediani, A. (2012), "The lifting system of a PrandtlPlane, Part 2: preliminary study on flutter characteristics", Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering: Mathematical Challenges for Aerospace Design, Springer US, 235-267.
  25. Dowell, E., Edwards, J. and Strganac, T. (2003), "Nonlinear aeroelasticity", J. Aircraf., 40(5), 857-874. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6876
  26. Felippa, C. and Geers, T.L. (1988), "Partitioned analysis for coupled mechanical systems", Eng. Comput., 5(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb023730
  27. Frediani, A. (1999), "Large Dimension Aircraft", US Patent 5,899,409.
  28. Frediani, A. (2002), "New Large Aircraft", European Patent EP 0716978B1.
  29. Frediani, A. (2003), "Velicolo Biplano ad Ali Contrapposte", Italian Patent FI 2003A000043.
  30. Frediani, A., Cipolla, V. and Rizzo, E. (2012), "The PrandtlPlane configuration: overview on possible applications to civil aviation", Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering: Mathematical Challenges for Aerospace Design, Springer US, 179-210
  31. Frediani, A. and Montanari, G. (2009), "Best wing system: an exact solution of the Prandtl's problem", Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering, Springer, New York, 183-211.
  32. Gordnier, R.E. and Melville, R.B. (2001), "Numerical simulation of limit-cycle oscillations of a cropped delta wing using the full navier-stokes equations", Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 14(3), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618560108940725
  33. Gordnier, R.E. (2003), "Computation of limit-cycle oscillations of a delta wing", J. Aircraf., 40(6), 1206-1208. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.7212
  34. Harder, R.L. and Desmarais, R.N. (1972), "Interpolation using surface splines", J. Aircraf., 9(2), 189-191. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44330
  35. Lancaster, P. and Salkauskas, K. (1981), "Surfaces generated by moving least squares methods", Math. Comput., 37(155), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-1981-0616367-1
  36. Lange, R.H., Cahill, J.F., Bradley, E.S., Eudaily, R.R., Jenness, C.M. and Macwilkinson, D.G. (1974), "Feasibility Study of the Transonic Biplane Concept for Transport Aircraft Applications", NASA.
  37. Liu, G. (2010), Mesh Free Methods: Moving Beyond the Finite Element Method, Taylor & Francis.
  38. Lucia, D. (2005), "The SensorCraft configurations: a non-linear AeroServoElastic challenge for aviation", Proceedings of the 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Austin, Texas, April.
  39. Katz, J. and Plotkin, A. (2001), Low-Speed Aerodynamics, Cambridge Aerospace Series, Cambridge University Press.
  40. Kuhl, D. and Ramm, E. (1999), "Generalized energy momentum method for non-linear adaptive shell dynamics," Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 178(34), 343-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00024-9
  41. Kuttler, U. and Wall, W.A. (2008), "Fixed-point fluid/structure interaction solvers with dynamic relaxation", Comput. Mech., 43, 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-008-0255-5
  42. Miranda, L.R. (1974), "Boxplane Wing and Aircraft", US Patent.
  43. Murua, J., Palacios, R. and Graham, J.M.R. (2012), "Applications of the unsteady vortex-lattice method in aircraft aeroelasticity and flight dynamics", Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 55(0), 46-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.06.001
  44. Nayroles, B., Touzot, G. and Villon, P. (1992), "Generalizing the finite element method: diffuse approximation and diffuse elements", Comput. Mech., 10, 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00364252
  45. Patil, M.J. (2003), "Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of joined-wing aircraft", Proceedings of the 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference, Norfolk, Virginia, April.
  46. Prandtl, L. (1924), "Induced Drag of Multiplanes", Technical Report, NACA.
  47. Phlipot, G., Wang, X., Mignolet, M., Demasi, L., and Cavallaro, R. (2014), "Reduced order modeling for the nonlinear geometric response of some joined wings", Proceedings of the 55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, National Harbor, Maryland, January.
  48. Quaranta, G., Mantegazza, P. and Masarati, P. (2003), "Assessing the local stability of periodic motions for large multibody nonlinear systems using POD", J. Sound Vib., 271, 1015-1038.
  49. Quaranta, G., Masarati, P. and Mantegazza, P. (2005), "A conservative mesh-free approach for fluid structure problems in coupled problems", Proceedings of the International Conference for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, Santorini, Greece, May.
  50. Rodden, W.P., Taylor, P.F. and McIntosh, S.C. (1998), "Further refinement of the subsonic doublet-lattice method", J. Aircraf., 35(5), 720-727. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2382
  51. Seydel, R. (2009), Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis, Springer.
  52. Strogatz, S.H. (1994), Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, And Engineering (Studies in Nonlinearity), Perseus Books Group.
  53. Thompson, J. and Stewart, H. (1986), Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: Geometrical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, Wiley.
  54. Tiso, P., Demasi, L., Teunisse, N. and Cavallaro, R. (2014), "A computational method for structurally nonlinear joined wings based on modal derivatives", Proceedings of the 55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, National Harbor, Maryland, January.
  55. Weisshaar, T. and Lee, D.H. (2002), "Aeroelastic tailoring of joined-wing configurations", Proceedings of the 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Denver, Colorado, 22-25 April.
  56. Wolkovitch, J. (1986), "The joined wing aircraft: an overview", J. Aircraf., 23(3), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45285

피인용 문헌

  1. Minimum Induced Drag Theorems for Joined Wings, Closed Systems, and Generic Biwings: Theory vol.169, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-015-0849-y
  2. Challenges, Ideas, and Innovations of Joined-Wing Configurations: A Concept from the Past, an Opportunity for the Future vol.87, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2016.07.002
  3. Reduced basis methods for structurally nonlinear Joined Wings vol.68, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.05.041
  4. Minimum Induced Drag Theorems for Multiwing Systems vol.55, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J055652
  5. Nonlinear Structural, Nonlinear Aerodynamic Model for Static Aeroelastic Problems pp.1533-385X, 2019, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J057309
  6. PrandtlPlane Joined Wing: Body freedom flutter, limit cycle oscillation and freeplay studies vol.59, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.08.016
  7. Static and dynamic characterization of a flexible scaled joined-wing flight test demonstrator vol.6, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2019.6.2.117
  8. Aerostructural wing shape optimization assisted by algorithmic differentiation vol.64, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-021-02884-5
  9. Aeroelastic Optimization Design of the Global Stiffness for a Joined Wing Aircraft vol.11, pp.24, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411800