Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology

The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (대한임상신경생리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Vascular Resistance: A Preliminary Study

오메가 3 지방산이 뇌혈류 및 혈관저항에 미치는 영향: 예비연구

  • Received : 2015.09.02
  • Accepted : 2015.11.26
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cerebral vessels have not been clarified until now. Thus we investigated the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation on cerebral blood flow velocity and vascular resistance via transcranial doppler (TCD). Methods: Consecutive twenty patients (13 male and 7 female) with at least 1 cerebrovascular risk factor or a known cerebrovascular disease were enrolled. Patients were treated with omega-3 PUFAs (1 g, two times per day) for 12 weeks. Cerebral blood flow velocity, resistance index, and pulsatile index were checked before and after 12 weeks of treatment using TCD. Results: The change of resistance index in right MCA (from $0.58{\pm}0.07$ to $0.55{\pm}0.07$, p = 0.042) and left PCA (from $0.56{\pm}0.07$ to $0.53{\pm}0.06$, p = 0.037) showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of omega-3 PUFAs treatment. The changes in other vessels, however, failed to show any significant changes compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Omega-3 PUFAs treatment showed feasible efficacies for cerebral vascular resistances in this open label trial. To confirm these results, larger samples of patients and longer period of follow-up is warranted.

Keywords

References

  1. GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07072-5
  2. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989;2:757-761.
  3. Chowdhury R, Stevens S, Gorman D, Pan A, Warnakula S, Chowdhury S, et al. Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;345:e6698. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6698
  4. Mackay I, Ford I, Thies F, Fielding S, Bachoo P, Brittenden J. Effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on markers of platelet and endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2012;221:514-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.12.041
  5. Sanders TA, Hall WL, Maniou Z, Lewis F, Seed PT, Chowienczyk PJ. Effect of low doses of long-chain n-3 PUFAs on endothelial function and arterial stiffness: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:973-980. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.018036
  6. Din JN, Archer RM, harding SA, Sarma J, Lyall K, Flapan AD, et al. Effect of w-3 fatty acid supplementation on endothelial function, endogenous fibrinolysis and platelet activation in male cigarette smokers. Heart 2013;99:168-174. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302924
  7. Tousoulis D, Plastiras A, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Verveniotis A, Kokkou E, et al. Omega-3 PUFAs improved endothelial function and arterial stiffness with a parallel antiinflammatory effect in adults with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2014;232:10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.014
  8. Cho YG, Song HJ, Park BJ, NECA-9 Lipid Lowering Agents Research Group. The comparison of guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and the appropriateness of them in Korea. Korean J Fam Med 2010;31:171-181. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.3.171
  9. Santelucia P, Feldman E. The basic transcranial Doppler examination: technique and anatomy. In: Babikian VL, Wechsler LR, Toole JF, eds. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography, 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
  10. Gosling RG, King DH. Arterial assessment by Doppler-shift ultrasound. Proc R Soc Med 1974;67:447-449.
  11. Park KY, Chung PW, Kim YB, Moon HS, Suh BC, Yoon WT. Increased pulsatility index is associated with intracranial arterial calcification. Eur Neurol 2013;69:83-88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342889
  12. Kawakami M, Koda M, Murawaki Y, Kawasaki H, Ikawa S. Cerebral vascular resistance assessed by transcranial color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with chronic liver diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;16:890-897. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02479.x
  13. Frauchiger B, Schmid HP, Roedel C, Moosmann P, Staub D. Comparison of carotid arterial resistive indices with intima-media thickness as sonographic markers of atherosclerosis. Stroke 2001;32:836-841. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.4.836
  14. Korkmaz H, Akbulut M, Ozbay Y, Koc M. A new noninvasive method in evaluating the endothelial function: the measurement of the resistive index after reactive hyperemia of the brachial artery. Echocardiography 2010;27:873-877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01155.x
  15. Saravanan P, Davidson NC, Schmidt EB, Calder PC. Cardiovascular effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids. Lancet 2010;376:540-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60445-X
  16. Harris WS, Rambjor GS, Windsor SL, Diederich D. n-3 fatty acids and urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:459-464. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.2.459
  17. Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2047-2067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063
  18. Serhan CN. Novel lipid mediators and resolution mechanisms in acute inflammation: to resolve or not? Am J Pathol 2010;177:1576-1591. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.100322
  19. Thies F, Garry JM, Yaqoob P, Rerkasem K, Williams J, Shearman CP, et al. Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:477-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12468-3
  20. Kim YJ, Kim OY, Cho Y, Chung JH, Jung YS, Hwang GS, et al. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition in ischemic stroke: Importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the risk for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Atherosclerosis 2012;225:418-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.007