Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Mineral-Based Slow Release Fertilizers: A Review

  • Noh, Young Dong (Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University) ;
  • Komarneni, Sridhar (Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University) ;
  • Park, Man (Soil Sciences Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2014.08.12
  • Accepted : 2015.02.23
  • Published : 2015.02.28
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Abstract

Global population is expected to reach nine billion in 2050 and the total demand for food is expected to increase approximately by 60 percent by 2050 as compared to 2005. Therefore, it is important to increase crop production in order to meet the global demand for food. Slow release fertilizers have been developed and designed in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizers. Mineral-based slow release fertilizers are useful because the minerals have a crystalline structure and are environmentally friendly in a soil. This review focuses on slow release fertilizers based on montmorillonite, zeolite, and layered double hydroxide phases as a host for nutrients, especially N. Urea was successfully stabilized in the interlayer space of montmorillonite by the formation of urea-Mg or Ca complex, $[(Urea)_6Mg\;or\;Ca]^{2+}$ protecting its rapid degradation in soils. Naturally occurring zeolites occluded with ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate by molten salt treatment could be used as slow release fertilizer because the occlusion process increased the capacity of zeolites to store nutrients in addition to exchangeable cations. Additionally, surface-modified zeolites could also be used as slow release fertilizer because the modified surface showed high affinity for anionic nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Moreover, there were attempts to develop and use synthetic layered double hydroxide as a carrier of nitrate because it has positively charged layers which electrostatically bond nitrate anions. Kaolin was also tested by combining with a polymer or through the mechanical-chemical process for slow release of nutrients.

Keywords

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