Journal of Nutrition and Health

  • 제48권1호
  • /
  • Pages.94-104
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 2288-3886(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-3959(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

충청 인근지역 어린이, 청소년의 엽산 섭취량과 급원식품 - 일부 식품의 엽산 분석으로 수정한 데이터베이스 활용

Dietary folate intake and food sources of children and adolescents in Chungcheong area - Using nutrient database revised by measured folate in selected foods

  • 김지현 (충북대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이은정 (충북대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 현태선 (충북대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Kim, Ji Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Eunjung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Hyun, Taisun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.01.12
  • 심사 : 2015.02.06
  • 발행 : 2015.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구에서는 엽산의 급원식품으로 보고된 식품 51종의 엽산을 분석하고, 값에 차이가 많이 있는 경우 엽산 데이터베이스를 수정하여, 수정한 데이터베이스로 어린이와 청소년의 엽산 섭취량을 추산하고 급원식품을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자는 대전, 충청도 및 전라도에 거주하는 만 20세 미만 567명으로 비연속 2일 동안의 24시간 회상법에 의해 식품섭취조사를 실시하였다. 51종의 식품을 새롭게 분석하여 현재의 데이터베이스와 비교한 결과 현재 값의 18.7%~322.9%의 결과를 얻었다. 기존의 값이 실험한 두 값 사이에 있거나, 기존값과의 차이가 10% 미만인 경우에는 수정하지 않았으며, 그 외에 차이가 있는 40종은 새로운 분석값으로 수정하였다. 수정한 데이터베이스로 대상자들의 엽산 평균섭취량을 성별, 연령별로 나누어 계산한 결과 모든 연령층에서 평균 엽산 섭취량이 권장섭취량보다 높았으나 12~14세 남자와 12~19세 여자의 평균 엽산 섭취량은 권장섭취량보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 계란, 배추김치, 쌀, 귤은 모든 연령층에서 엽산 급원식품의 10위 안에 포함되었다. 본 연구에서는 일부 급원식품 51종만을 분석하였으나 한국인들이 자주 먹는 식품의 조리 후 엽산 함량을 분석하여 보완해 나감으로써 더 정확한 엽산 섭취량을 추산할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 또한 12~19세 여자의 평균 엽산 섭취량이 다른 연령층에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타난 것을 볼 수 있었는데, 엽산은 성장기 및 가임여성에게 특히 중요한 비타민으로써 이들을 위한 엽산 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate dietary folate intake and food sources of children and adolescents using a nutrient database revised based on measured folate in selected foods. Methods: Folate content in 51 foods known as folate sources was measured by microbiological assay after trienzyme extraction. Folate intake was estimated from a part of the data of 'Dietary Intake Survey of Infants, Children and Adolescents in 2007~2008' conducted by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI). The study subjects were 567 children aged 1~19 years living in the Chungcheong area who completed two 24-hour recalls. Results: Folate values were revised by replacing the values in the current database with the analyzed values except when the value in the current database was between the analytical values or was not different from the mean analytical value by more than 10%. Among the revised values of 40 food items, folate values of 36 foods were lower than the current values. Mean folate intakes estimated with the revised database were approximately 70~80% lower than those estimated with the current database. Mean folate intakes of males aged 12~14 and females aged 12~19 were lower than the 2010 Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs). Chicken's eggs, Kimchi, rice, mandarin, and laver were found to be main food sources of folate. Conclusion: In this study, mean dietary folate intakes were lower than those estimated with the current database. Further analyses for folate content especially in cooked foods commonly consumed in Korea are needed using a reliable assay in order to accurately assess folate intake of the Korean population. In addition, nutrition education should be provided for adolescent females in order to increase consumption of folate-rich foods.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Tamura T, Picciano MF, McGuire MK. Chapter 5. Folate in pregnancy and lactation. In: Bailey LB, editor. Folate in Health and Disease, 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC press; 2010. p.111-131.
  2. Kalin SR, Rimm EB. Chapter 11. Folate and vascular disease: Epidemiological perspective. In: Bailey LB, editor. Folate in Health and Disease, 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC press; 2010. p.263-290.
  3. Chen J, Xu X, Liu A, Ulrich CM. Chapter 9. Folate and cancer: Epidemiological perspective. In: Bailey LB, editor. Folate in Health and Disease, 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC press; 2010. p.205-233.
  4. Kanani SJ, Poojara RH. Supplementation with iron and folic acid enhances growth in adolescent Indian girls. J Nutr 2000; 130(2S Suppl): 452S-455S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.2.452S
  5. Hatamizadeh N, Eftekhar H, Shafaghi B, Mohammad K. Effects of folic acid on preschool children's appetite: randomized triple-blind clinical trial. Pediatr Int 2007; 49(5): 558-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2007.02421.x
  6. Namdari M, Abadi A, Taheri SM, Rezaei M, Kalantari N, Omidvar N. Effect of folic acid on appetite in children: ordinal logistic and fuzzy logistic regressions. Nutrition 2014; 30(3): 274-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.008
  7. Kim YN, Lee JY, Driskell JA. Marginal folate inadequacy observed in a group of young children in Kwangju, Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2007; 1(2): 120-125. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2007.1.2.120
  8. The Korean Nutrition Society. Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans, 7th revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2000.
  9. Hyun T, Han YH. Comparison of folate intake and food sources in college students using the 6th vs. 7th nutrient database. Korean J Nutr 2001; 34(7): 797-808.
  10. The Korean Nutrition Society. Food values. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2009.
  11. Shim YJ, Paik HY. Reanalysis of 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 KNHANES) results by CAN-Pro 3.0 nutrient database. Korean J Nutr 2009; 42(6): 577-595. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.6.577
  12. Choi AR. Folate intake and food sources in the Korean population based on 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [dissertation]. Chungju: Chungbuk National University; 2013.
  13. Han YH, Yon M, Hyun TH. Folate intake estimated with an updated database and its association to blood folate and homocysteine in Korean college students. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59(2): 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602065
  14. Lee E. Folate intake and food sources of folate in infants, children, and adolescents [dissertation]. Chungju: Chungbuk National University; 2010.
  15. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26 [Internet]. Beltsville (MA): Agricultural Research Service; 2013 [cited 2014 Jun 2]. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl.
  16. Yon M, Hyun TH. Folate content of foods commonly consumed in Korea measured after trienzyme extraction. Nutr Res 2003; 23(6): 735-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00069-1
  17. Lee SY, Ha SA, Seo JS, Sohn CM, Park HR, Kim KW. Eating habits and eating behaviors by family dinner frequency in the lowergrade elementary school students. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8(6): 679-687. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.679
  18. Song J. Folate assay of high fat foods after removal of fat [dissertation]. Chungju: Chungbuk National University; 2011.
  19. Hyun TH, Tamura T. Trienzyme extraction in combination with microbiologic assay in food folate analysis: an updated review. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2005; 230(7): 444-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020523000702
  20. Hyun T, Han YH, Lim EY. Blood folate level determined by a microplate reader and folate intake measured by a weighted food record. Korean J Community Nutr 1999; 4(4): 512-520.
  21. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Dietary intake survey of infants, children and adolescents. Chungju: Korea Health Industry Development Institute; 2008.
  22. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Korea Health Industry Development Institute. In-depth analysis on the dietary intake survey of infant, children and adolescents (II). Chungju: Korea Health Industry Development Institute; 2010.
  23. Yon M, Hyun T. Additional data for the folate database for foods common in Korea. Korean J Nutr 2005; 38(7): 586-604.
  24. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
  25. Williams VR, Fieger EA. Oleic acid as a growth stimulant for Lactobacillus casei. J Biol Chem 1946; 166(1): 335-343.
  26. Goyer A, Sweek K. Genetic diversity of thiamin and folate in primitive cultivated and wild potato (Solanum) species. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59(24): 13072-13080. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203736e
  27. Iniesta MD, Perez-Conesa D, Garcia-Alonso J, Ros G, Periago MJ. Folate content in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). influence of cultivar, ripeness, year of harvest, and pasteurization and storage temperatures. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57(11): 4739-4745. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900363r
  28. Shohag MJ, Wei YY, Yu N, Zhang J, Wang K, Patring J, He ZL, Yang XE. Natural variation of folate content and composition in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59(23): 12520-12526. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203442h
  29. Bassett MN, Samman NC. Folate content and retention in selected raw and processed foods. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2010; 60(3): 298-305.
  30. Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M, Haytowitz DB. Difference in folate content of green and red sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum) determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(26): 9998-10002. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062327a
  31. Hefni M, ohrvik V, Tabekha M, Witthoft C. Folate content in foods commonly consumed in Egypt. Food Chem 2010; 121(2): 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.044
  32. Westenbrink S, Jansen-van der Vliet M, van Rossum C. Updated folate data in the Dutch Food Composition Database and implications for intake estimates. Food Nutr Res 2012; 56: 5449. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5449
  33. Yeung LF, Cogswell ME, Carriquiry AL, Bailey LB, Pfeiffer CM, Berry RJ. Contributions of enriched cereal-grain products, readyto-eat cereals, and supplements to folic acid and vitamin B-12 usual intake and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2006. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93(1): 172-185. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.30127
  34. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (US). Dietary intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, and other dietary constituents: United States, 1988-94 [internet]. Atlanta (GA): National Center for Health Statistics; 2002 [cited 2010 Feb 14]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_245.pdf.
  35. Serra-Majem L. Vitamin and mineral intakes in European children. Is food fortification needed? Public Health Nutr 2001; 4(1A): 101-107.
  36. Diethelm K, Huybrechts I, Moreno L, De Henauw S, Manios Y, Beghin L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Le Donne C, Cuenca-Garcia M, Castillo MJ, Widhalm K, Patterson E, Kersting M. Nutrient intake of European adolescents: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17(3): 486-497. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013000463
  37. Bouckaert KP, Slimani N, Nicolas G, Vignat J, Wright AJ, Roe M, Witthoft CM, Finglas PM. Critical evaluation of folate data in European and international databases: recommendations for standardization in international nutritional studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55(1): 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000391
  38. Park JY, Nicolas G, Freisling H, Biessy C, Scalbert A, Romieu I, Chajes V, Chuang SC, Ericson U, Wallstrom P, Ros MM, Peeters PH, Mattiello A, Palli D, Maria Huerta J, Amiano P, Halkjær J, Dahm CC, Trichopoulou A, Orfanos P, Teucher B, Feller S, Skeie G, Engeset D, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Crowe F, Khaw KT, Vineis P, Slimani N. Comparison of standardised dietary folate intake across ten countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Nutr 2012; 108(3): 552-569. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511005733
  39. Tamai Y, Wada K, Tsuji M, Nakamura K, Sahashi Y, Watanabe K, Yamamoto K, Ando K, Nagata C. Dietary intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid is associated with lower blood pressure in Japanese preschool children. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24(11): 1215-1221. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.133
  40. Kobayashi M, Adachi HY, Ishihara J, Tsugane S; JPHC FFQ Validation Study Group. Effect of cooking loss in the assessment of vitamin intake for epidemiological data in Japan. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65(4): 546-552. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.10
  41. Imaeda N, Goto C, Tokudome Y, Ikeda M, Maki S, Tokudome S. Folate intake and food sources in Japanese female dietitians. Environ Health Prev Med 2002; 7(4): 156-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897944
  42. Subar AF, Block G, James LD. Folate intake and food sources in the US population. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50(3): 508-516. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/50.3.508
  43. Subar AF, Krebs-Smith SM, Cook A, Kahle LL. Dietary sources of nutrients among US children, 1989-1991. Pediatrics 1998; 102(4 Pt 1): 913-923. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.4.913
  44. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Nutrient intakes from food and beverages: mean amounts consumed per individual, by gender and age, in the United States, 2011-2012. What we eat in America, NHANES 2011-2012, individuals 2 years and over (excluding breast-fed children), day 1 [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service; 2014 [cited 2015 Jan 7]. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/80400530/pdf/1112/Table_1_NIN_-GEN_11.pdf.
  45. Berner LA, Keast DR, Bailey RL, Dwyer JT. Fortified foods are major contributors to nutrient intakes in diets of US children and adolescents. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114(7): 1009-1022.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.10.012

피인용 문헌

  1. Dietary supplement use among cancer survivors and the general population: a nation-wide cross-sectional study vol.17, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3885-1
  2. Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies vol.22, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.115
  3. Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women vol.22, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.248
  4. Change of Quality Characteristics of Commercial and Prepared Kimchi Depending on Fermentation vol.33, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2017.33.2.162
  5. Folate food source, usual intake, and folate status in Korean adults vol.12, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.1.47
  6. 배추김치 섭취와 대사증후군 발생률과의 관련성 : 한국인유전체역학조사사업의 10년 추적조사 결과 vol.52, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.569
  7. High Serum Folate Concentration Is Associated with Better Lung Function in Male Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Who Are Current Smokers: Analysis of Nationwide Population-Based Survey vol.12, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082219
  8. Nutrient intakes from supplement and factors associated with supplement use among breast cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study vol.30, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13447