International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Korea Concrete Institute (한국콘크리트학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Morphology and Dispersibility of Silica Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Behaviour of Cement Mortar

  • Received : 2014.06.20
  • Accepted : 2015.02.03
  • Published : 2015.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The influence of powdered and colloidal nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties of cement mortar has been investigated. Powdered-NS (~40 nm) was synthesized by employing the sol-gel method and compared with commercially available colloidal NS (~20 nm). SEM and XRD studies revealed that the powdered-NS is non-agglomerated and amorphous, while colloidal-NS is agglomerated in nature. Further, these nanoparticles were incorporated into cement mortar for evaluating compressive strength, gel/space ratio, portlandite quantification, C-S-H quantification and chloride diffusion. Approximately, 27 and 37 % enhancement in compressive strength was observed using colloidal and powdered-NS, respectively, whereas the same was up to 19 % only when silica fume was used. Gel/space ratio was also determined on the basis of degree of hydration of cement mortar and it increases linearly with the compressive strength. Furthermore, DTG results revealed that lime consumption capacity of powdered-NS is significantly higher than colloidal-NS, which results in the formation of additional calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). Chloride penetration studies revealed that the powdered-NS significantly reduces the ingress of chloride ion as the microstructure is considerably improved by incorporating into cement mortar.

Keywords

References

  1. Acker P. (2001). Micromechanical analysis of creep and shrinkage mechanisms. In F. J. Ulm, Z. P. Bazant, F. H. Wittmann (Eds.), Creep, shrinkage and durability mechanics of concrete and other quasi-brittle materials, 6th international conference (pp. 15-26) Amsterdam, Netherlands: CONCREEP@MIT Elsevier.
  2. Alonso, C., & Fernandez, L. (2004). Dehydration and rehydration processes of cement paste exposed to high temperature environments. Journal of Materials Science, 39(9), 3015-3024. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025827.65956.18
  3. Baykal, M. (2000). Implementation of durability models for portland cement concrete into performance-based specifications. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin.
  4. Bjornstrom, J., Martinelli, A., Matic, A., Borjesson, L., & Panas, I. (2004). Accelerating effects of colloidal nanosilica for beneficial calcium-silicate-hydrate formation in cement. Chemical Physics Letters, 392(1-3), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.071
  5. Coenen, S., & Kruif, C. G. (1988). Synthesis and growth of colloidal silica particles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 124(1), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90330-X
  6. Flores, I., Sobolev K., Torres-Martinez L. M., Cuellar E. L., Valdez P. L., Zarazua E. (2010). Performances of cement systems with nano-$SiO_2$ particles produced by using the sol-gel method. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2141 (pp. 10-14). Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
  7. Gabrovsek, R., Vuk, T., & Kaucic, V. (2006). Evaluation of the hydration of Portland cement containing various carbonates by means of thermal analysis. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 53(2), 159-165.
  8. Gaitero, J. J., Campillo, I., & Guerrero, A. (2008). Reduction of the calcium leaching rate of cement paste by addition of silica nanoparticles. Cement and Concrete Research, 38(8-9), 1112-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.021
  9. Gaitero, J. J., Zhu, W., & Campillo, I. (2009). Multi-scale study of calcium leaching in cement pastes with silica nanoparticles. Nanotechnology in construction 3, Berlin (pp. 193-198). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
  10. Gallucci, E., Zhang, X., & Scrivener, K. L. (2013). Effect of temperature on the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Cement and Concrete Research, 53, 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.008
  11. He, X., & Shi, X. (2008). Chloride permeability and microstructure of Portland cement mortars incorporating nanomaterials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2070, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3141/2070-03
  12. Hou, P., Cheng, X., Qian, J., & Shah, S. P. (2014). Effects and mechanisms of surface treatment of hardened cement-based materials with colloidal nano-$SiO_2$ and its precursor. Construction and Building Materials, 53, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.062
  13. Jain, J., & Neithalath, N. (2009). Analysis of calcium leaching behavior of plain and modified cement pastes in pure water. Cement and Concrete Composite, 31(3), 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.01.003
  14. Ji, T. (2005). Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-$SiO_2$. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(10), 1943-1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.07.004
  15. Jo, B., Kim, C., & Lim, J. (2007). Characteristics of cement mortar with nano-$SiO_2$ particles. Construction and Building Materials, 21(6), 1351-1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.020
  16. Kong, D., Su, Y., Xi, D., Yang, Y., Wei, S., & Shah, S. P. (2013). Influence of nano-silica agglomeration on fresh properties of cement pastes. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.066
  17. Kontoleontos, F., Tsakiridis, P. E., Marinos, A., Kaloidas, V., & Katsioti, M. (2012). Influence of colloidal nano-silica on ultrafine cement hydration: Physicochemical and microstructural characterization. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 347-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.022
  18. Lam, L., Wong, Y. L., & Poon, C. S. (2000). Degree of hydration and gel/space ratio of high-volume fly ash/cement systems. Cement and Concrete Research, 30(5), 747-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00213-1
  19. Lin, W. T., Huang, R., Chang, J. J., & Lee, C. L. (2009). Effect of silica fume on the permeability of fiber cement composites. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 32(4), 531-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2009.9671535
  20. Neville, A. M. (1981). Properties of concrete (3rd ed., pp. 257-279). London, UK: ELBS with Longman.
  21. Olsona, R. A., & Jennings, H. M. (2001). Estimation of C-S-H content in a blended cement paste using water adsorption. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(3), 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00454-9
  22. Pichler, B., Hellmich, C., Eberhardsteiner, J., Wasserbauer, J., Termkhajornkit, P., Barbarulo, R., & Chanvillard, G. (2013). Effect of gel-space ratio and microstructure on strength of hydrating cementitious materials: An engineering micromechanics approach. Cement and Concrete Research, 45, 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.10.019
  23. Powers, T. C., & Brownyard, T. L. (1948). Studies of the physical properties of hardened Portland cement paste. Research Laboratories of the Portland Cement Association Bulletin, 22, 101-992.
  24. Quercia, G., Spiesz, P., Husken, G., & Brouwers, H. J. H. (2014). SCC modification by use of amorphous nano-silica. Cement & Concrete Composites, 45, 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.001
  25. Ramachandran, V. S., Paroli, R. M., Beaudoin, J. J., & Delgado, A. H. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of thermal analysis of construction materials. Norwich: Noyes Publications.
  26. Sanchez, F., & Sobolev, K. (2010). Nanotechnology in concrete-A review. Construction and Building Materials, 24(11), 2060-2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.03.014
  27. Savas B. Z. (2000). Effects of microstructure on durability of concrete, Ph.D. thesis. Raleigh: North Carolina State University.
  28. Shi, X., Xie, N., Fortune, K., & Gong, J. (2012). Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview. Construction and Building Materials, 30, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.038
  29. Singh, L. P., Bhattacharyya, S. K., & Ahalawat, S. (2012a). Preparation of size controlled silica nano particles and its functional role in cementitious system. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 10(11), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.10.345
  30. Singh, L. P., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Mishra, G., & Ahalawat, S. (2012b). Reduction of calcium leaching in cement hydration process using nanomaterials. Materials Technology, 27(3), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1179/1753555712Y.0000000005
  31. Singh, L. P., Karade, S. R., Bhattacharyya, S. K., & Ahalawat, S. (2013). Beneficial role of nano-silica in cement based materials-a review. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1069-1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.052
  32. Tan, B., Lehmler, H. J., Vyas, S. M., Knuston, B. L., & Rankin, S. E. (2005). Controlling nanopore size and shape by fluorosurfactant templating of silica. Chemistry of Materials, 17(4), 916-925. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm048991t
  33. Taylor, H. F. W. (1997). Cement chemistry. London, UK: Thomas Telford.
  34. Toutanji, H., Delatte, N., & Aggoun, S. (2004). Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on the compressive strength and durability of short-term cured concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(2), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.08.017
  35. Venkatathri, N., & Nanjundan, S. (2009). Synthesis and characterization of a mesoporous silica microsphere from polystyrene. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 113(2-3), 933-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.08.072
  36. Young, J. F., & Hansen, W. (1987). Volume relationships for C-S-H formation based on hydration stoichiometries. Materials Research Society, 85, 313.

Cited by

  1. Hydration Studies of Cementitious Material using Silica Nanoparticles vol.13, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.13.345
  2. Effect of Autoclave Curing on the Microstructure of Blended Cement Mixture Incorporating Ground Dune Sand and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag vol.9, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0104-9
  3. Creep Mechanisms of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate: An Overview of Recent Advances and Challenges vol.9, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0114-7
  4. Quantification of hydration products in cementitious materials incorporating silica nanoparticles vol.10, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-015-0315-9
  5. Micro and Nano Engineered High Volume Ultrafine Fly Ash Cement Composite with and without Additives vol.10, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0122-7
  6. The Effect of Curing Temperature on the Properties of Cement Pastes Modified with TiO 2 Nanoparticles vol.9, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9110952
  7. An Investigation into the Properties and Microstructure of Cement Mixtures Modified with Cellulose Nanocrystal vol.10, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10050498
  8. Effects of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and Fly Ash on Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Concrete vol.7, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1520/acem20180066
  9. Agglomeration and reactivity of nanoparticles of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and clays in cement pastes and effects on compressive stren vol.167, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.032
  10. Nanoparticles as concrete additives: Review and perspectives vol.175, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.214
  11. Pozzolanic activity of nanosized palm oil fuel ash: A comparative assessment with various fineness of palm oil fuel ash vol.220, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/220/1/012061
  12. The effect of nano-SiO2 on concrete properties: a review vol.8, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0050
  13. The effect of nano-SiO2 on concrete properties: a review vol.8, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0050
  14. State-of-the-Art of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Optimal Method for their Dispersion for Construction-Related Applications vol.9, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030426
  15. Effects of Nanoparticles on the Antipullout Strength between the Reinforcement and Cement Mortar vol.2020, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856647
  16. Experimental study for ZnO nanofibers effect on the smart and mechanical properties of concrete vol.25, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.1.097
  17. Mechanical Performance of Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Including Fully-Recycled Plastic Fibers vol.9, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9030016
  18. Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste vol.18, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126664
  19. Review on the correlation between mixing, microstructure and strength of cementitious products with nanoparticles vol.822, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/822/1/012005
  20. A review on applications of sol-gel science in cement vol.291, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123065
  21. Evaluation of Empirical Relation between Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete Partially Using Alccofine and Nano-Silica vol.1167, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1167.77
  22. Mechanical properties and microstructure of cured slurry under load: Synergistic effects of nano-silica and micron-silica vol.305, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130833
  23. Experimental studies of sustainable concrete modified with colloidal nanosilica and metakaolin vol.7, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-021-00157-8