Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic assessment of existing r.c. framed structures with in-plan irregularity by nonlinear static methods

  • Bosco, Melina (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania) ;
  • Ferrara, Giovanna A.F. (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania) ;
  • Ghersi, Aurelio (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania) ;
  • Marinoc, Edoardo M. (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania) ;
  • Rossi, Pier Paolo (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania)
  • Received : 2014.05.11
  • Accepted : 2014.09.30
  • Published : 2015.02.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of three nonlinear static methods for the prediction of the dynamic response of in-plan irregular buildings. The methods considered are the method suggested in Eurocode 8, a method previously proposed by some of the authors and based on corrective eccentricities and a new method in which two pushover analyses are considered, one with lateral forces applied to the centres of mass of the floors and the other with only translational response. The numerical analyses are carried out on a set of refined models of reinforced concrete framed buildings. The response predicted by the nonlinear static analyses is compared to that provided by nonlinear dynamic analyses. The effectiveness of the nonlinear static methods is evaluated in terms of absolute and interstorey displacements.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : Strutture in cemento armato ordinarie e prefabbricate

References

  1. Amara, F., Bosco, M., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2013), "An accurate strength amplification factor for the design of SDOF systems with P-${\Delta}$ effects", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 43, 589-611.
  2. Anagnostopoulos, S.A., Alexopoulou, C. and Stathopoulos, K.G. (2010), "An answer to an important controversy and the need for caution when using simple models to predict inelastic earthquake response of buildings with torsion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 39, 521-540.
  3. Bento, R., Bhatt, C. and Pinho, R. (2010), "Verification of nonlinear static procedures for a 3D irregular SPEAR building", Earthq. Struct., 1(2), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.2.177
  4. Bosco, M., Ferrara, G., Ghersi, A. and Marino, E.M. (2009a), "Corrective eccentricities for the evaluation of the seismic response of one-storey asymmetric systems by nonlinear static analysis", Environ. Semeiotic., 2, 80-94. https://doi.org/10.3383/es.2.2.2
  5. Bosco, M., Ghersi, A. and Marino, E.M. (2009b), "On the evaluation of seismic response of structures by nonlinear static methods", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 38, 1465-1482. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.911
  6. Bosco, M., Ghersi, A. and Marino, E.M. (2012), "Corrective eccentricities for assessment by the nonlinear static method of 3D structures subjected to bidirectional ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 41, 1751-1773. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2155
  7. Bosco, M., Ghersi, A., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2013a), "Comparison of nonlinear static methods for the assessment of asymmetric buildings", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 11(6), 2287-2308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9516-6
  8. Bosco, M., Ferrara, G.A., Ghersi, A., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2013b), "Application of nonlinear static method with corrective eccentricities to multi-storey buildings: a case study", Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures, Eds. O. Lavan, and M. De Stefano, Geotechnical, Geological and earthquake engineering, Springer, 24, 173-187.
  9. Bosco, M., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2013), "An analytical method for the evaluation of the in-plan irregularity of non-regularly asymmetric buildings", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 11(5), 1423-1445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9438-3
  10. Bracci, J.M., Kunnath, S.K. and Reinhorn, A.M. (1997), "Seismic performance and retrofit evaluation of reinforced concrete structures", J. Struct. Eng., 123(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:1(3)
  11. Calderoni, B., D'Aveni, A., Ghersi, A. and Rinaldi, Z. (2002), "Static vs. modal analysis of asymmetric buildings: effectiveness of dynamic eccentricity formulations", Earthq. Spectra, 18(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1494085
  12. CEN. EN 1998-1 (2004), EuroCode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance: Part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Bruxelles.
  13. CEN. EN 1992-1 (1993), EuroCode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Bruxelles.
  14. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2002), "A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31, 561-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.144
  15. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2004), "A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsimmetric-plan buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 33, 903-927. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.380
  16. De Stefano, M., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2006), "Effect of overstrength on the seismic behaviour of multi-storey regularly asymmetric buildings", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 4(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-005-5408-8
  17. De Stefano, M., Tanganelli, M. and Viti, S. (2013), "Effect of the variability in plan of concrete mechanical properties on the seismic response of existing RC framed structures", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 11(4), 1049-1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9412-5
  18. De Stefano, M., Tanganelli, M. and Viti, S. (2014), "Variability in concrete mechanical properties as a source of in-plan irregularity for existing RC framed structures", Eng. Struct., 59, 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.10.027
  19. Doudomis, I.N. and Athanatopoulou, A.M. (2008), "Invariant torsion properties of multistorey asymmetric buildings", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 17(1), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.320
  20. Fajfar, P. and Fishinger, M. (1988), "N2: a method for non-linear seismic analysis of regular buildings", Proceedings of the 9th world conference on earthquake engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan.
  21. Fajfar, P. amd Gaspersic, P. (1996), "The N2 method for the seismic damage analysis of r.c. buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 25, 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199601)25:1<31::AID-EQE534>3.0.CO;2-V
  22. Fajfar, P. (1999), "Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 28, 979-993. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9<979::AID-EQE850>3.0.CO;2-1
  23. Fajfar, P., Marusic, D. and Perus, I. (2005), "Torsional effects in the pushover-based seismic analysis of buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 9, 831-854.
  24. Ferrara, G.A.F. (2012), "Previsione della risposta sismica di edifici asimmetrici mediante il metodo statico non lineare", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Catania, Italy, http://archivia.unict.it/handle/10761/1412. (in Italian)
  25. Filippou, F.C., Popov, E.P. and Bertero, V.V. (1983), "Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints", Report UCB/EERC 83/19, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley.
  26. Formisano, A., De Matteis, G. and Mazzolani F.M. (2010), "Numerical and experimental behaviour of a full-scale RC structure upgraded with steel and aluminium shear panels", Comput. Struct., 88, 1348-1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2008.09.010
  27. Fujii, K. (2011), "Nonlinear static procedure for multi-story asymmetric frame buildings considering bidirectional excitation", J. Earthq. Eng., 15(2), 245-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632461003702902
  28. Fujii, K. (2013), "Prediction of the largest peak nonlinear seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-directional excitation using pushover analyses", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 12, 909-938.
  29. Georgoussis, G.K. (2010), "Modal rigidity center: it's use for assessing elastic torsion in asymmetric buildings", Earthq. Struct., 1(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.2.163
  30. Giuffre, A. and Pinto, P.E. (1970), "Il comportamento del cemento armato per sollecitazioni cicliche di forte intensita" (Behaviour of reinforced concrete members for high cyclic loading), Giornale del Genio Civile, 5, 391-408. (in Italian)
  31. Ghersi, A., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2007), "Static versus modal analysis: influence on inelastic response of multi-storey asymmetric buildings", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 5(4), 511-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9046-1
  32. Giorgi, P. and Scotta, R. (2013), "Validation and improvement of N1 method for pushover analysis", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 55, 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.09.011
  33. Goel, R.K. and Chopra, A.K. (1990), "Inelastic seismic response of one-story, asymmetric plan systems", Report No. UCB/EERC-90/14, University of California at Berkeley, USA.
  34. Gupta, B. and Kunnath, S.K. (2000), "Adaptive spectra-based pushover procedure for seismic evaluation of structures", Earthq. Spectra, 16, 367-391. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586117
  35. Hejal, R. and Chopra, A.K. (1987), "Earthquake response of torsionally-coupled buildings", Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report n UCB/EERC-87/20, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley.
  36. Karsan, I.D. and Jirsa, J.O. (1969), "Behavior of concrete under compressive loading", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 95(ST12).
  37. ICBO, International Conference of Building Officials (1997), "Uniform Building Code", Whittier, California.
  38. Italian Ministry of Public Works (1971), "Law n.1086, 5/11/1971, Norme per la disciplina delle opere in conglomerato cementizio normale e precompresso ed a struttura metallica" (Regulations for constructions of normal and pre-stressed reinforced concrete and with steel structure), Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie generale n. 321, 21/12/1971, Rome.
  39. Italian Ministry of Public Works (1974a), "Law n.64, 2/02/1974, Provvedimenti per le costruzioni con particolari prescrizioni per le zone sismiche" (Provisions for constructions in seismic area), Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie generale n. 76, 21/03/1974, Rome. (in Italian)
  40. Italian Ministry of Public Works (1974b), "Ministry Decree, 30/05/1974, Norme tecniche per la esecuzione delle opere in cemento armato normale e precompresso e per le strutture metalliche" (Regulations for constructions of normal and pre-stressed reinforced concrete and with steel structure), Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie generale, 29/07/1974, Rome. (in Italian)
  41. Italian Ministry of Public Works (1996), "Ministry Decree, 16/01/1996, Norme tecniche per le costruzioni in zone sismiche" (Regulations for constructions in seismic area), Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie generale n. 29, 5/02/1996, Rome. (in Italian)
  42. Kreslin, M. and Fajfar, P. (2012), "The extended N2 method considering higher mode effects in both plan and elevation", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 10(2), 695-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9319-6
  43. Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2001), "Static pushover versus dynamic collapse analysis of RC buildings", Eng. Struct., 23, 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00068-7
  44. Makarios, T. and Anastassiadis A. (1998a), "Real and fictitious elastic axes of multi-storey buildings: theory", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 7(1), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199803)7:1<33::AID-TAL95>3.0.CO;2-D
  45. Makarios, T. and Anastassiadis, A. (1998b), "Real and fictitious elastic axes of multi-storey buildings: applications", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 7(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199803)7:1<57::AID-TAL96>3.0.CO;2-0
  46. Makarios, T. (2008), "Practical calculation of the torsional stiffness radius of multi-storey tall buildings", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 17(1), 39-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.316
  47. Mander, J.B., Priestley, J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
  48. Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2004), "Exact evaluation of the location of the optimum torsion axis", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 13(4), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.252
  49. Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M.H., Fenves, G.L. and Jeremic B. (2003), "OpenSEES Command Language Manual", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  50. Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E. (1973), "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes in geometry and nonelastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending", Proceedings of the IABSE Symposium, Lisboa, Portugal.
  51. Moghadam, A.S. and Tso, W.K. (2000), "Extension of Eurocode 8 torsional provisions to multi-storey buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 4(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460009350361
  52. Palermo, M., Silvestri, S., Gasparini, G. and Trombetti, T. (2013), "Physically-based prediction of the maximum corner displacement magnification of one-storey eccentric systems", Bul. Earthq. Eng., 11(5), 1573-1456.
  53. Priestley, M.J.N., Calvi, G.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2008), Displacement-based seismic design od structures, IUSS Press, Pavia.
  54. Requena, M. and Ayala, A.G. (2000), "Evaluation of a simplified method for the determination of the nonlinear seismic response of RC frames", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  55. Sasaki, K.K., Freeman, S.A. and Paret, T.F. (1998), "Multi-mode pushover procedure (MMP) - A method to identify the effects of higher modes in a pushover analysis", Proceedings of the 6th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
  56. Scott, M.H. and Fenves, G. (2010), "Krylov subspace accelerated Newton algorithm: applications to dynamic progressive collapse simulation of frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 135(5), 473-480.
  57. SIMQKE (1976), "A program for artificial motion generation, User's manual and documentation", Department of Civil Engineering, MIT.
  58. Stathopoulos, K.G. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2003), "Inelastic earthquake response of single-story asymmetric buildings: an assessment of simplified shear-beam models", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 1813-1831. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.302
  59. Stathopoulos, K.G. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2005), "Inelastic torsion of multistory buildings under earthquake excitations", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 1449-1465. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.486
  60. Valles, R., Reinhorn, A., Kunnath, S., Li, C. and Madan, A. (1996), "IDARC 2D version 4.0: a computer program for the inelastic analysis of buildings", Technical Report NCEER-96-0010, National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo NY.

Cited by

  1. Preliminary Structural Design of Wall-Frame Systems for Optimum Torsional Response vol.11, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-016-0183-2
  2. Sensitivity study on the discretionary numerical model assumptions in the seismic assessment of existing buildings vol.98, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.001
  3. Evaluating contradictory relationship between floor rotation and torsional irregularity coefficient under varying orientations of ground motion vol.11, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.6.1027
  4. Design aspects for minimizing the rotational behavior of setbacks buildings vol.10, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.5.1049
  5. Ratio of Torsion (ROT): An index for assessing the global induced torsion in plan irregular buildings vol.9, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.1.145
  6. Locating optimum torsion axis in asymmetric buildings subjected to seismic excitation vol.171, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.17.00068
  7. Estimation of the Buildings Seismic Vulnerability: A Methodological Proposal for Planning Ante-Earthquake Scenarios in Urban Areas vol.8, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071208
  8. A multimodal adaptive evolution of the N1 method for assessment and design of r.c. framed structures vol.12, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.271
  9. The effect of mass eccentricity on the torsional response of building structures vol.67, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.67.6.671
  10. Behavior factor of vertically irregular RCMRFs based on incremental dynamic analysis vol.16, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.6.655
  11. Mitigating mass eccentricity effects on the rotational response of setbacks structures: An analytical solution for linear systems vol.28, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.09.062
  12. SSI effects on the redistribution of seismic forces in one-storey R/C buildings vol.20, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.3.261
  13. An approximate method for determining the behavior factor of RCMRFs with vertical irregularity vol.28, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.28.3.243