DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An improved 1D-model for computing the thermal behaviour of concrete dams during operation. Comparison with other approaches

  • Santillan, D. (Technical University of Madrid, Department of Civil Engineering: Hydraulic and Energy Engineering) ;
  • Saleteb, E. (Technical University of Madrid, Department of Civil Engineering: Hydraulic and Energy Engineering) ;
  • Toledob, M.A. (Technical University of Madrid, Department of Civil Engineering: Hydraulic and Energy Engineering) ;
  • Granados, A. (Technical University of Madrid, Department of Civil Engineering: Hydraulic and Energy Engineering)
  • Received : 2014.06.10
  • Accepted : 2014.11.03
  • Published : 2015.01.25

Abstract

Thermal effects are significant loads for assessing concrete dam behaviour during operation. A new methodology to estimate thermal loads on concrete dams taking into account processes which were previously unconsidered, such as: the evaporative cooling, the night radiating cooling or the shades, has been recently reported. The application of this novel approach in combination with a three-dimensional finite element method to solve the heat diffusion equation led to a precise characterization of the thermal field inside the dam. However, that approach may be computationally expensive. This paper proposes the use of a new one-dimensional model based on an explicit finite difference scheme which is improved by means of the reported methodology for computing the heat fluxes through the dam faces. The improved model has been applied to a case study where observations from 21 concrete thermometers and data of climatic variables were available. The results are compared with those from: (a) the original one-dimensional finite difference model, (b) the Stucky-Derron classical one-dimensional analytical solution, and (c) a three-dimensional finite element method. The results of the improved model match well with the observed temperatures, in addition they are similar to those obtained with (c) except in the vicinity of the abutments, although this later is a considerably more complex methodology. The improved model have a better performance than the models (a) and (b), whose results present larger error and bias when compared with the recorded data.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : Desarrollo del Software iCOMPLEX para el control y evaluacion de la seguridad de infraestructuras criticas

Supported by : Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad

References

  1. Abdulrazeg, A.A., Noorzaei, J., Mohammed, T.A. and Jaafar, M.S. (2013), "Modeling of combined thermal and mechanical action in roller compacted concrete dam by three-dimensional finite element method", Struct. Eng. Mech., 47(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.1.001
  2. Abdulrazeg, A.A., Noorzaei, J., Jaafar, M.S., Khanehzaei, P. and Mohamed, T.A. (2014), "Thermal and structural analysis of RCC double-curvature arch dam", J. Civ. Eng. Manag., 20(3), 434-445. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.801897
  3. Agullo, L., Mirambell, E. and Aguado, A. (1996), "A model for the analysis of concrete dams due to environmental thermal effects", Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, 6(4), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1108/09615539610123423
  4. Bayagoob, K.H., Noorzaei, J., Abdulrazeg, A.A., Al-Kami, A.A. and Jaafar, M.S (2010), "Coupled thermal and structural analysis of roller compacted concrete arch-dam by three-dimensional finite element method", Struct. Eng. Mech., 36(4), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2010.36.4.401
  5. Bentz, D.P. (2000). A computer model to predict the surface temperature and time-of-wetness of concrete pavements and bridge decks. US Department of Commerce, NISTIR 6551, available at http://ciks.cbt.nist.gov/bentz/nistir6551/tpredict.html.
  6. Bofang, Z. (1997), "Prediction water temperature in deep reservoirs", Dam Engineering, 8(1), 13-25.
  7. Chen, B., Clark, D., Maloney, J., Mei, W. and Kasher, J. (1995), "Measurement of night sky emissivity in determining radiant cooling from cool storage roofs and roof ponds", In Proceedings of the National Passive Solar Conference, Vol. 20, pp. 310-313. American Solar Energy Society Inc.
  8. Chuntranuluck, S., Wells, C.M. and Cleland, A.C. (1998), "Prediction of chilling times of foods in situations where evaporative cooling is significant-part 1. method development", J. Food Eng., 37(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(98)00087-9
  9. De Miguel, A., Bilbao, J., Aguiar, R. Kambezidis, H. and Negro, E. (2001), "Diffuse solar irradiation model evaluation in the north Mediterranean belt area", Sol. Energy, 70(2), 143-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00135-3
  10. Diez-Mediavilla, M., De Miguel, A. and. Bilbao, J. (2005), "Measurement and comparison of diffuse solar irradiance models on inclined surfaces in Valladolid (Spain)", Energy Conv. Manag., 46(13), 2075-2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.10.023
  11. Douglas, K.J. (2002), "The shear strength of rock masses", Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  12. Duffie, J.A. and Beckman, W.A. (2013), Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  13. Elminir, H.K. (2007), "Experimental and theoretical investigation of diffuse solar radiation: Data and models quality tested for Egyptian sites", Energy, 32, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.01.020
  14. Faria, R., Azenha, M. and Figueiras, J.A. (2006), "Modelling of concrete at early ages: application to an externally restrained slab", Cem. Concr. Comp., 28, 572-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.02.012
  15. Gueymard, C. (2000), "Prediction and performance assessment of mean hourly global radiation", Sol. Energy, 68(3), 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(99)00070-5
  16. Incropera, F.P., Lavine, A.S. and. De Witt, D.P. (2011), Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th ed., John Wiley & Sons Incorporated, USA.
  17. Jacovides, C.P., Tymvios, F.S., Assimakopoulos, V.D. and Kaltsounides, N.A. (2006), "Comparative study of various correlations in estimating hourly diffuse fraction of global solar radiation", Renew. Energy, 31, 2492-2504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.11.009
  18. Jamil Ahmad, M. and Tiwari, G.N. (2008), "Study of models for predicting the mean hourly global radiation from daily summations", Open Environmental Sciences, 2, 6-14. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876325100802010006
  19. Jin, F., Chen, Z., Wang, J. and Yang, J. (2010), "Practical procedure for predicting non-uniform temperature on the exposed face of arch dams", Appl. Therm. Eng., 30(14), 2146-2156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.05.027
  20. Kim, S.H., Cho, K.I., Won, J.H. and Kim, J.H. (2009), "A study on thermal behaviour of curved steel box girder bridges considering solar radiation", Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 9(13), 59-76.
  21. Leger, P. and Leclerc, M. (2007), "Hydrostatic, temperature, time-displacement model for concrete dams", J. Eng. Mech., 133(3), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:3(267)
  22. Leger, P., Venturelli, J. and Bhattacharjee, S.S. (1993a), "Seasonal temperature and stress distributions in concrete gravity dams. Part I: Modelling", Can. J. Civ. Eng., 20(6), 999-1017. https://doi.org/10.1139/l93-131
  23. Leger, P., Venturelli, J. and Bhattacharjee, S.S. (1993b), "Seasonal temperature and stress distributions in concrete gravity dams. Part II: Behaviour", Can. J. Civ. Eng., 20(6), 1018-1029. https://doi.org/10.1139/l93-132
  24. Mata, J. (2011), "Interpretation of concrete dam behaviour with artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models", Eng. Struct., 33(3), 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.011
  25. Mata, J., Tavares de Castro, A. and Sa da Costa, J. (2013), "Time-frequency analysis for concrete dam safety control: Correlation between the daily variation of structural response and air temperature", Eng. Struct., 48, 658-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.013
  26. Malm, R. and Ansell, A. (2011), "Cracking of concrete buttress dam due to seasonal temperature variation", ACI Struct. J., 108(1), 13-22.
  27. Mirambell, E. and Aguado, A. (1990), "Temperature and stress distributions in concrete box girder bridges", J. Struct. Eng., 116(9), 2388-2409. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:9(2388)
  28. Nejad, F.M., Ghafari, S. and Afandizadeh, S. (2013), "Numerical analysis of thermal and composite stresses in prestressed concrete pavements", Comput. Concrete, 11(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.11.2.169
  29. Noorian, A., Moradi, I., and Kamali, G. (2008), "Evaluation of 12 models to estimate hourly diffuse irradiation on inclined surfaces", Renew. Energy, 33(6), 1406-1412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.06.027
  30. Notton, G., Poggi, P. and Cristofari, C. (2006), "Predicting hourly solar irradiations on inclined surfaces based on the horizontal measurements: Performances of the association of well-known mathematical models", Energy Conv. Manag., 47, 1816-1829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.10.009
  31. Oliveira, A.P., Escobedo, J.F., Machado, A.J., Soares, J. (2002), "Correlation models of diffuse solar radiation applied to the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil", Appl. Energy, 71, 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(01)00040-X
  32. Reindl, D.T, Beckman, W.A. and Duffie, J.A. (1990), "Evaluation of hourly tilted surface radiation models", Sol. Energy, 45(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(90)90061-G
  33. Santillan, D., Salete, E., Vicente, D. and Toledo, M. (2014), "Treatment of solar radiation by spatial and temporal discretization for modeling the thermal response of arch dams", J. Eng. Mech., 140(11), 05014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000801
  34. Sheibany, F. and Ghaemian, M. (2006), "Effects of environmental action on thermal stress analysis of Karaj concrete arch dam", J. Eng. Mech., 132(5), 532-544. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:5(532)
  35. Soares, J., Oliveira, A.P., Boznar, M.Z., Mlakar, P., Escobedo, J.F., Machado, A.J. (2004), "Modeling hourly diffuse solar radiation in the city of Sao Paulo using a neural-network technique", Appl. Energy, 79, 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.11.004
  36. Stucky, A. and Derron, M.H. (1957), Problemes Thermiques Poses par la Construction des Barragesreservoirs, P. Feissly, ed., Science & Technique, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  37. Tham, Y., Muneer, T. and Davison, B. (2010), "Estimation of hourly averaged solar irradiation: evaluation of models", Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 31(1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624409350547
  38. Vartiainen, E. (2000), "A new approach to estimating the diffuse irradiance on inclined surfaces", Renew. Energy, 20(1), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(99)00086-5
  39. Wojcik, G.S., Fitzjarrald, D.R. and Plawsky, J.L. (2003), "Modelling the interaction between the atmosphere and curing concrete bridge decks with the SLABS model", Meteorol. Appl., 10(2), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135048270300207

Cited by

  1. A new 1D analytical model for computing the thermal field of concrete dams due to the environmental actions vol.85, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.023
  2. A methodology for the assessment of the effect of climate change on the thermal-strain–stress behaviour of structures vol.92, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.001
  3. A Positioning Method of Temperature Sensors for Monitoring Dam Global Thermal Field vol.7, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.587738
  4. Thermal Simulation of Rolled Concrete Dams: Influence of the Hydration Model and the Environmental Actions on the Thermal Field vol.12, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030858
  5. Seismic analysis of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dams considering effect of viscous boundary conditions vol.25, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.3.255
  6. Temperature Field Online Reconstruction for In-Service Concrete Arch Dam Based on Limited Temperature Observation Data Using AdaBoost-ANN Algorithm vol.2021, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9979994