Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Profiles of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Carcinomas in Brunei Darussalam

  • Published : 2015.01.06
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is largely attributed to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In addition, studies have also shown association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 10% of gastric cancers. This study assessed the characteristics of EBV associated gastric cancers (EBVaGC) in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: This study included gastric cancers diagnosed between 2008 and 2012, registered with the Department of Pathology RIPAS Hospital, Brunei Darussalam. Clinical case notes were systematically reviewed. Histology specimens were all stained for EBV and also assessed for intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori. Results: There were a total of 81 patients (54 male and 27 females) with a mean age of $65.8{\pm}14.8years$ included in the study. Intestinal metaplasia and active H. pylori infection were detected in 40.7% and 30.9% respectively. A majority of the tumors were proximally located (55.6%), most poorly differentiated (well differentiated 16%, moderately differentiated 30.9% and poorly differentiated 53.1%) and the stages at diagnosis were; stage I (44.4%), stage II (23.5%), stage III (8.6%) and stage IV (23.5%). EBV positivity (EBVaGC) was seen in 30.9%. Between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers, there were no significant differences (age, gender, ethnic group, presence of Intestinal metaplasia, tumor locations, stages of disease and degree of tumor differentiation). Conclusions: This study showed that a third of gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalam were positive for EBV, higher than what have been reported in the literature. However, there were no significant differences between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers. This suggests that the role of EBV in gastric cancer may be mostly incidental rather than any causal relation. However, further studies are required.

Keywords

References

  1. Akiba S, Koriyama C, Herrera-Geopfert R, Eizuru Y (2008). Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: Epidemiological and clinicopathological features. Cancer Sci, 99, 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00674.x
  2. Camargo MC, Koriyama C, Matsuo K, et al (2014). Case-case comparison of smoking and alcohol risk associations with Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer. Int J Cancer, 134, 948-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28402
  3. Camtu DT (2009). Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virusassociated gastric cancer: A study of 235 cases at a comprehensive cancer center in U.S.A. J Exp Clin Res, 28, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-9966-28-14
  4. Chong VH, Telisinghe PU, Jalihal A (2009). Helicobacter pylori infection and correlation with upper gastrointestinal pathologies: an eleven-year trend. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 18, 514-5.
  5. Chong VH, Telisinghe PU, Abdullah MS, Chong CF (2014). Gastric cancer in Brunei Darussalam: epidemiological trend over a 27 year period (1986-2012). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 7281-5. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.17.7281
  6. Campos FI, Koriyama C, Akiba S, et al (2006). Environmental factors related to gastric cancer associated with Epstein-Barr virus in Colombia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7, 633-7.
  7. Iizasa H, Nanbo A, Nishikawa J, Jinushi M, Yoshiyama H (2012). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma. Viruses, 4, 3420-39. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4123420
  8. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2012. www.globocan.iarc.fr/ (Accessed 15th April 2014).
  9. Karim N, Pallesen G (2003). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and gastric carcinoma in Malaysian patients. Malays J Pathol, 25, 45-7.
  10. Kim HJ, Song HJ (2011). Pathology of Epstein-Barr associated gastric carcinoma and its relationship to prognosis. Gut Liver, 5, 143-8. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2011.5.2.143
  11. Koriyama C, Akiba S, Minakami Y, Eizuru Y (2005). Environmental factors related to Epstein-Barr virusassociated gastric cancer in Japan. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 24, 547-53.
  12. Kuang D, Chen W, Song YZ, et al (2014). Association between the HSPA1B${\pm}$1267A/G polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 14 case-control studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 6855-61. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6855
  13. Liang Q, Yao X, Tang S, et al (2014). Integrative identification of Epstein-Barr virus-associated mutations and epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer. gastroenterology. pii: S0016-5085(14)01075-0. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.036. [Epub ahead of print].
  14. Ling PD (1994). EBNA-2 upregulation of Epstein-Barr virus latency promoters and the cellular CD23 promoter utilizes a common targeting intermediate, CBF1. J Virol, 68, 5375-83.
  15. Lopes LF, Bacchi MM, Elgui-de-Oliveira D, et al (2004). Epstein-Barr virus infection and gastric carcinoma in Sao Paulo State Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res, 37, 1707-12. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004001100016
  16. Lung RW, Tong JH, To KF (2013). Emerging roles of small Epstein-Barr virus derived non-coding RNAs in epithelial malignancy. Int J Mol Sci, 14, 17378-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140917378
  17. Malakar M, Devi KR, Phukan RK, et al (2014). p53 codon 72 polymorphism interactions with dietary and tobacco related habits and risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 717-23. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.717
  18. Mohammad IA, Bujang MR, Telisinghe PU, et al (2014). Cancers of the young population in Brunei Darussalam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 6357-62. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6357
  19. Roukos DH, Agnantis NJ, Fatouros M, Kappas AM (2002). Gastric Cancer: introduction, pathology, epidemiology. Gastric Breast Cancer, 1, 1-3.
  20. Toshikazu U, Mitsuru S (2004). Focus on gastric cancer. Cancer Cell, 5, 121-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00033-9
  21. Tuncel T, Karagoz B, Haholu A, et al (2014). Immunoregulatory function of HLA-G in gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 7681-4.
  22. Uemura Y, Tokunaga M, Arikawa J, et al (1994). A unique morphology of Epstein-Barr virus-related early gastric carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev, 3, 607-11.
  23. Uozaki H, Fukayama M (2008). Epstein-Barr virus and gastric carcinoma-viral carcinogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 1, 198-216.
  24. Van BJ, Zur HA, Kranenbarg KK, et al (2004). EBV positive gastric adenocarcinomas: a distinct clinicopathologic entity with a low frequency lymph node involvement. J Clin Oncol, 22, 667-74.
  25. Wong B, Lam S, Wong W, et al (2004). Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer in a high-risk region of China: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 291, 187-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.2.187
  26. World Health Organisation (2000). Classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics, tumours of the digestive system Lyon.
  27. Zhao J, Liang Q, Cheung KF, et al (2013). Genome-wide identification of Epstein-Barr virus-driven promoter methylation profiles of human genes in gastric cancer cells. Cancer, 119, 304-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.27724
  28. Zur, HA, van Rees, BP, van Beek, J, et al (2004). Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinomas and gastric stump carcinomas: a late event in gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Pathol, 57, 487-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2003.014068