Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education (대한지구과학교육학회지)

The Korean Society of Earth Science Education (대한지구과학교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Development and Application of the Teaching-Learning Program for Systems Thinking Learning in Elementary Science Classes

초등과학 수업에서 시스템사고 학습을 위한 교수-학습 프로그램 개발 및 적용

  • Received : 2015.11.29
  • Accepted : 2015.12.21
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the systems thinking learning program and to confirm the effects of its application in the fourth grades' science class. For it, the test tools were designed to survey divergent thinking and the closed loop based on the casual relation. The systems thinking learning program was developed to make students learn scientific knowledge and systems thinking educational strategies through their regular science class. The two classes of fourth grade were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. After applying pre-test to two groups, the system thinking education program was applied to an experimental group according to the reconstructed lesson plan. Subsequently, post-test was applied to two groups 3 weeks after pre-test. The findings in this study were as follows. In divergent thinking, the systems thinking program was useful to two groups. It could be the repetition effect, but only the experimental group shows a statistically significant change. The effect of the closed loop based on casual relation was deemed statistically significant. It shows these educational strategies were effective in making students understand the systems thinking. Finally, the results of students' interviews shows they were satisfied with this program because they were able to express their thinking with confidence and to find new relations in the change of land. The results suggest that the more research is needed to further develop and improve on students' thinking skills in their regular science classes.

Keywords

References

  1. Assaraf, O, B., & Orion N. (2010), System Thinking Skills at the Elementary School Level. Journal of Research in Science teaching, 47(5), 540-563. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20351
  2. Boersma, K., Waarlo, A. J., & Klaassen, K. (2011). The feasibility of systems thinking in biology education, Journal of Biology Education, 45(4), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2011.627139
  3. Brandstadter, K., Harms, U., & Grossschedl, J. (2012). Assessing System Thinking Through Different Concept-Mapping Practices. International Journal of Science Education, 34(14), 2147-2170. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2012.716549
  4. Chen, D. & Stroup, W. (1993). General system theory: Toward a conceptual framework for science and technology education for all. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2, 447-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00694427
  5. Driver, R. & Leach, J. (1993). A constructivist view of learning: Children's conceptions and the nature of science. In T. E. Yager(Ed.), The science, technology, society movement, Vol. 7: What research says to the science teacher (pp. 103-112). Washington, DC: National Science Teachers' Association.
  6. Han, J. & Choi, D. (2013). Analysis of Elementary Students' System Thinking Application Types in Learning Ecosystem. Korea Environmental Education Society, 26(2), 253-267.
  7. Ison, R. (1999). Applying system thinking to higher education. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16, 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1743(199903/04)16:2<107::AID-SRES278>3.0.CO;2-E
  8. Jang, E. (2007). The Reconstitution of the Geographical Thinking on the Basis of System Thinking. Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental education, 15(1). 77-92. https://doi.org/10.17279/jkagee.2007.15.1.77
  9. Kali, Y., Orion, N., & Eylon S. B. (2003). Effect of knowledge integration Activities on Students' perception of the Earth's curst as a cyclic system. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(6), 545-565. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.10096
  10. Kang, C., Lee, H., Yoon, I., & Kim, E. (2008). Analysis of Conceptions Related to Earth System and Systems-Thinking of High School Student about Water Cycle. Science Education Journal in Kyungbook National University, 32(1), 61-72.
  11. Kim, D., Lee, M., Hong, Y., & Choi, J. (2006), Analysis of Thinking Expansion Effect as a Basis of Creativity through Systems Thinking Education. Korea System Dynamics Society, 7(1), 51-65.
  12. Kim, M. (2000). A Philosophical Study on the Paradigms of Science Education - Focused on the Science Education Reform Efforts in USA. Master's Thesis, Korea National University of Education.
  13. Kim, M. (2002). Issues and Direction of Critical Thinking Education in Elementary and Secondary Education. Society of Philosophical Studies, 58, 107-144.
  14. Kim, M. & Kim, B. (2002). A comparative Study of the Trends of Current Science Education and the System Thinking Paradigm, Journal of Korean Science Education, 22(1), 64-75.
  15. Kwon, Y., Kim, W., Lee, H., Byun, J. & Lee, I. (2011). Analysis of Biology Teachers' Systems Thinking about Ecosystem, Korean Society of Biology Education, 39(4), 529-543.
  16. Lee, H., Kwon, Y., Oh, H. & Lee H. (2011). Development and Application of the Educational Program to Increase High School Students' Systems Thinking Skills - Focus on Global Warming, Korean Earth Science Society, 32(7), 784-797. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2011.32.7.784
  17. Maani, K. E. & Maharaj, V. (2004), Links between system thinking and complex decision making. System Dynamics Review, 20(1), 21-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.281
  18. Mayer, V. J. (1997). Global science literacy. An Earth System View, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 34(2), 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199702)34:2<101::AID-TEA1>3.0.CO;2-X
  19. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2010a). Elementary school science 4-1, Kumsung.
  20. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2010b). Teacher's guidebook of elementary school science 4-1, Kumsung.
  21. Moon, B., Jeong, J., Kyung, J., Koh, Y., Youn, S., Kim, H. & Oh, K. (2004). Related Conception s to Earth System and Applying of Systems Thinking about Carbon Cycle of the Preservice Teachers. Korean Earth Science Society, 25(8), 684-696.
  22. Moon, B. & Kim, H. (2004). A Study on the Abilities and Characteristics of the System Thinking for Pre-service Elementary Teachers. Korea System Dynamics Society, 8(2), 235-252.
  23. Moon, B., Lee, K., Seo, H., Kim, H. & Oh, K. (2013). The Developing and Applying of the R.G.B. Technique for Combined Thinking Learning in the Elementary Science Classes, The Journal of Korean Elementary science Education, 32(1), 10-21.
  24. Pedretti, E. & Hodson, D. (1995). From rhetoric to action: Implementing STS education through action research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32, 463-485. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320505
  25. Pitcher, R. T., & Soden, R. (2000). Critical Thinking in Education: A review, Educational Research, 42(3), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/001318800440579
  26. Resnick, L. (1987). Education and learning to think. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
  27. Richmond, B. (1993). Systems thinking: Critical thinking skills of 1990’s and beyond. System Dynamics Review, 9(2), 113-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.4260090203
  28. Song, K. & Park, M. (2007). A Study of Characteristics and Applicability of Competence-based Education Reform. The journal of Korean Education, 34(4), 155-182.
  29. Sterman, J. D. (1994). Learning in and about complex system. System Dynamics Review, 10(2), 291-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.4260100214
  30. Sweeney, L. B. & Sterman, J. D. (2000). Bathtub dynamics: initial results of a systems thinkings inventory, System Dynamics Review, 16(4), 249-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.198
  31. Yerrick, R. K.(2000). Lower track science students' argumentation and open inquiry instruction. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37, 807-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2736(200010)37:8<807::AID-TEA4>3.0.CO;2-7
  32. Zeidler, D. L., Lederman, N. G. & Taylor, S. C. (1992). Fallacies and student discourse: Conceptualizing the role of critical thinking in science education. Science Education, 76, 437-450. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730760407
  33. Zohar, A., & Dori, Y. J. (2003). Higher order thinking skills and low achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive?. Journal of the Learning Sciences. 12(2).