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Physicochemical Characteristics of Sikhye (Korean Traditional Rice Beverage) Using Foxtail Millet, Proso Millet, and Sorghum

조, 기장, 수수를 이용한 식혜의 이화학적 특성

  • Jeong, Mi Seon (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ko, Jee Yeon (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Seuk Bo (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jae Saeng (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Tae Wook (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Young Ho (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, In Seok (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Woo, Koan Sik (Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 정미선 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 송석보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정태욱 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 윤영호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 오인석 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 우관식 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)
  • Received : 2014.08.04
  • Accepted : 2014.10.06
  • Published : 2014.11.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics and sensory qualities of Sikhye (Korean traditional rice beverage) prepared with foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum. The cultivated varieties were Setaria italica Beauv. cv. Samdamae (SDM) and Samdachal (SDC), Panicum miliaceum L. cv. Ibaekchal (IBC), Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. Nampungchal (NPC), Donganme (DAM), Oryza sativa cv. Ilpum (IP), and Baegokchal (BOC). The brix degrees of SDM, SDC, IBC, NPC, DAM, IP, and BOC Sikhye were 9.53, 8.63, 5.67, 7.57, 6.27, 12.50, and $12.27^{\circ}Bx$, respectively. There were no significant differences in pH (5.99~6.10) among the groups. The highest turbidity was 1.07 in DAM Sikhye. The L-value, a-value, and b-value were 30.85~41.11, -0.34~2.52, and 2.56~5.67, respectively. Total polyphenol contents of SDM, SDC, IBC, NPC, DAM, IP, and BOC Sikhye were 241.52, 213.69, 202.34, 258.25, 193.24, 160.81, and $170.31{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of Sikhye were $19.21{\sim}54.30{\mu}g\;CE/mL$. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were $16.85{\pm}0.39$ and $64.75{\pm}2.92mg\;TE/100mL$ in DAM Sikhye, respectively. Finally, the sensory evaluation results indicate that there were significant differences in appearance, aroma, and taste between the groups, and SDM Sikhye was similar with IP and BOC.

잡곡을 이용한 식혜의 제조 적성을 확인하기 위해 조, 기장, 수수를 이용하여 식혜를 제조하고 제조된 식혜의 이화학적 특성을 확인하였다. 잡곡 원료의 일반성분은 멥쌀과 찹쌀에 비해 수분 함량은 적지만 회분과 조단백, 조지방 함량은 높았다. 원료곡의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 동안메가 일품과 백옥찰보다 2배 이상 높았고, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거 활성 또한 동안메가 높게 나타났다. 잡곡별로 제조된 식혜의 pH에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 탁도는 대부분 0.5 이하의 값을 나타낸 반면 동안메는 1.07로 높게 나타났다. 당도는 찹쌀과 멥쌀에 비해 낮았으며 기장, 수수, 조 순으로 나타났다. 명도와 적색도는 동안메가 가장 높았고, 황색도는 노란색을 띠는 삼다메가 높은 수치를 보였다. 식혜의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 동안메와 삼다메 식혜가 각각 258 및 $241{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$로 높게 나타났으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 동안메 식혜가 $54.30{\mu}g\;CE/mL$로 높았다. 식혜의 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 동안메가 16.85 mg TE/100 mL로 다른 잡곡류에 비해 2배 이상 높았으며, 백옥찰과 일품쌀에 대해서는 약 10~15배로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. ABTS radical 소거 활성은 동안메가 가장 뛰어났으며 삼다메가 그 뒤를 이었다. 따라서 잡곡 원료 간의 일반성분 함량차이는 크지 않았으며, 잡곡 원료와 잡곡 식혜에서 동안메로 제조한 식혜가 가장 항산화력 및 radical 소거능이 뛰어났음을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 잡곡으로 제조한 식혜의 관능평가에서는 삼다메가 일품과 백옥찰에 색과 향에 유사한 선호도를 나타내었기에 동안메를 중심으로 레시피를 보완하여 식혜로 개발하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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