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The Role of Preoperative NT-proBNP in Elderly Orthopedic Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function

정상 심기능을 보이는 노인 환자에서 정형외과 수술 전 NT-proBNP의 역할

  • Ko, Eun-Jung (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Moon, Jae-Youn (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Lim, Yeong-Min (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Hong, Won-Jung (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Shin, Suk-Pyo (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Hoon (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Yang, Woo-In (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Sung, Jung-Hoon (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Kim, In Jai (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Lim, Sang-Wook (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Cha, Dong-Hun (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University) ;
  • Cho, Seung-Yun (Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
  • 고은정 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 문재연 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 임영민 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 홍원정 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 신석표 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 김상훈 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 양우인 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 성정훈 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 김인재 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 임상욱 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 차동훈 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과) ;
  • 조승연 (차의과학대학교 분당차병원 심장내과)
  • Received : 2013.08.13
  • Accepted : 2013.12.27
  • Published : 2014.09.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a useful predictor of postoperative cardiovascular complications. The present study investigated whether blood NT-proBNP values are suitable for predicting postoperative cardiovascular complications after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients showing normal left ventricular (LV) function on preoperative echocardiograms. Methods: This study was performed by analyzing the medical records of elderly patients referred to the cardiology department for the purpose of assessing their cardiac function before orthopedic surgery. Of the patients who underwent echocardiography and NT-proBNP assessment simultaneously, 275 patients aged ${\geq}70$ years and with an LV ejection fraction of ${\geq}55%$ were included in the study. Results: Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) occurred in 33 (12%) of the 275 patients, and the NT-proBNP concentration was higher in patients with complications than in those without complications ($1,904.20{\pm}2,300.23$ vs. $530.58{\pm}882.27pg/mL$, p < 0.01). The ROC area under the curve was 0.756 (95% confidence interval 0.701-0.805, p < 0.001) with an optimal cutoff of 416.3 pg/mL (69.7% sensitivity, 67.36% specificity). A multivariate analysis showed that a preoperative age of > 80 years (odds ratio, 2.313; p = 0.047) and an increased blood NT-proBNP concentration (odds ratio, 3.189; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for the prediction of MACCEs. Conclusions: Although elderly patients scheduled to undergo non-cardiac surgery may show normal LV systolic function on echocardiography, measurement of their preoperative blood NT-proBNP concentration is useful for predicting MACCEs occurring after non-cardiac surgery.

목적: 기존의 여러 연구에 의하면 NT-proBNP가 수술 후 심혈관계 합병증을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 인자라고 알려졌으며, 이는 수술 전 심장 좌심실 기능을 확인하기 위한 심장초음파를 대신할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 수술 전 심장초음파상에서 정상적인 좌심실 기능을 가지고 있는 노인 환자에서 혈중 NT-proBNP 수치가 비심장성 수술 후 심뇌혈관 위험을 예측할 수 있는지에 대해서 알아보고자 진행되었다. 방법: 본 연구는 후향적 연구로 정형외과 수술 전 수술 가능성 및 심장 기능 평가를 위해 심장 내과 협진 의뢰된 노인 환자들의 의무 기록을 분석하여 진행하였다. 수술 전 위험성 평가를 위해 심장내과에서 권고한 경흉부 심장초음파와 NT-proBNP를 동시에 시행한 환자 중 좌심실 구혈률이 55% 이상 되는 70세 이상의 환자 275명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 위험인자들을 분석하였으며 특히 Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI), CRP, NT-proBNP 등의 인자들이 독립적인 위험 인자 인지 분석하였다. 수술 후 주요 심뇌혈관 사건의 정의는 급성 심근경색증, 심부전, 폐색전증, 뇌경색, 심방 세동 및 이로 인한 사망으로 정의하였다. 결과: 총 275명의 환자 중 33명(12%)에서 주요 심뇌혈관 사건이 발생하였으며 합병증이 발생한 군에서 NT-proBNP값이 더 높게 측정되었다($1,904.20{\pm}2,300.23$ vs. $530.58{\pm}882.27$, p< 0.01). 수술 후 주요 심뇌혈관 사건의 예측에 대한 ROC curve 분석에서 혈중 NT-proBNP 농도는 통계학적으로 유의하게 나왔으나(p < 0.001), RCRI score는 의미가 없었다. 주요 심뇌혈관 사건 발생 예측에 대한 NT-proBNP 농도의 최적 결정 값은 416.3 pg/mL였으며 이 값에서의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 69.70%, 67.36%로 나타났다. 다변량 분석에서 수술 전 80세 이상의 고령(odd ratio: 2.313; p = 0.047)과 혈중 NT-proBNP의 상승(odd ratio: 3.189; p = 0.009)만이 주요 심뇌혈관 사고건 예측의 독립적인 위험인자로 나타났다. 결론: 비심장성 수술을 앞둔 노인에서 심장초음파상에서 정상 좌심실 수축 기능을 보였더라도, 수술 전 혈중 NT-proBNP 측정은 가 수술 후 발생하는 주요 심뇌혈관 사건을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 검사이다.

Keywords

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