The Korean Journal of Medicine

The Korean Association of Internal Medicine (대한내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Management of Venous Thrombosis in Atypical Location

비전형적 부위에 발생하는 정맥혈전의 치료

  • Bang, Soo Mee (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 방수미 (서울대학교 의과대학 분당서울대학교병원 내과)
  • Published : 2014.01.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Venous thrombosis in atypical locations means thrombosis of upper extremity deep vein, cerebral venous sinus, splanchnic vein including portal, hepatic, mesenteric and splenic vein, renal vein, ovarian vein and retinal vein. This thrombosis rarely occurred and could be affected by the involved organ when compared to the incidence and cause of deep vein thrombosis in lower extremity with or without pulmonary embolism. There is a limitation to perform a large-scaled randomized trial for these rare conditions, and several recommendations based on results of small-sized studies and observational registries are available now. Therefore, we need multi-department and international collaboration to test the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation including new oral anticoagulants in the treatment of venous thrombosis in atypical locations.

Keywords

References

  1. Martinelli I. Unusual forms of venous thrombosis and thrombophilia. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2002;32:343-345. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073595
  2. Martinelli I, Franchini M, Mannucci PM. How I treat rare venous thromboses. Blood 2008;112:4818-4823. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-165969
  3. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2342-2352. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598
  4. Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2499-2510. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903
  5. Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1287-1297. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572
  6. Agnelli G, Büller HR, Cohen A, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2013;369:799-808. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507
  7. Buller HR, Decousus H, Grosso MA, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1406-1415. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638
  8. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S-494S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2301
  9. Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e195S-226S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2296
  10. Taylor JM, Telford RJ, Kinsella DC, et al. Long-term clinical and functional outcome following treatment for Paget-Schroetter syndrome. Br J Surg 2013;100:1459-1464. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9279
  11. Klitfod L, Broholm R, Baekgaard N. Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: a review. Int Angiol 2013;32:447-452.
  12. Coutinho JM, Stam J. How to treat cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:877-883.
  13. Wysokinska EM, Wysokinski WE, Brown RD, et al. Thrombophilia differences in cerebral venous sinus and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Neurology 2008;70:627-633. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000297195.97325.a8
  14. Coutinho JM, de Bruijn SF, deVeber G, Stam J. Anticoagulation for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Stroke 2012;43:e41-42. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.648162
  15. Weimar C, Masuhr F, Hajjar K. Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012;10:1545-1553. https://doi.org/10.1586/erc.12.126
  16. Thatipelli MR, McBane RD, Hodge DO, Wysokinski WE. Survival and recurrence in patients with splanchnic vein thromboses. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:200-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.019
  17. Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 2011;365:147-156. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1011170
  18. Kiladjian JJ, Cervantes F, Leebeek FW, et al. The impact of JAK2 and MPL mutations on diagnosis and prognosis of splanchnic vein thrombosis: a report on 241 cases. Blood 2008;111:4922-4929. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-11-125328
  19. Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, et al. Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2379-2390. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1311347
  20. Garcia-Pagan JC, Heydtmann M, Raffa S, et al. TIPS for Budd-Chiari syndrome: long-term results and prognostics factors in 124 patients. Gastroenterology 2008;135:808-815. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.051
  21. Darwish Murad S, Plessier A, Hernandez-Guerra M, et al. Etiology, management, and outcome of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:167-175. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00004
  22. Riva N, Ageno W, Schulman S, et al. Antithrombotic threatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis in the ISTH international registry: results of 6-month follow-up. In: Reitsma P, Rosendaal F, Levi M, eds. XXIV congress of the international society on thrombosis and haemostasis and 59th annual SSC meeting. Amsterdam: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013:104.
  23. Asghar M, Ahmed K, Shah SS, Siddique MK, Dasgupta P, Khan MS. Renal vein thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;34:217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.02.017
  24. Salomon O, Dulitzky M, Apter S. New observations in postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis: experience of single center. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2010;21:16-19. https://doi.org/10.1097/MBC.0b013e32832f2ada
  25. Querques G, Triolo G, Casalino G, et al. Retinal venous occlusions: diagnosis and choice of treatments. Ophthalmic Res 2013;49:215-222. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346734

Cited by

  1. Portal and Splenic Vein Thrombosis Successfully Treated with Anticoagulants in Acute Pancreatitis vol.37, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2014.37.2.116