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Predictors of the Development of Significant Tricuspid Regurgitation after Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

영구형 심박동기 삽입 후 유의한 삼첨판 역류증 발생의 예측인자

  • Lee, Kyoung Jin (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Kye Hun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Yim, Yi Rang (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Park, Hyuk Jin (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Seung Hun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ji Eun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Jeong, Hyung Ki (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Hyun Ju (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Nam Sik (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Hong, Young Joon (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Park, Hyung Wook (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ju Han (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Ahn, Yongkeun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Jeong, Myung Ho (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Jeong Gwan (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Park, Jong Chun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital)
  • 이경진 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 김계훈 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 임이랑 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 박혁진 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 이승헌 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 김지은 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 정형기 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 윤현주 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 윤남식 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 홍영준 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 박형욱 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 김주한 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 안영근 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 정명호 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 조정관 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과) ;
  • 박종춘 (전남대학교병원 순환기내과)
  • Received : 2013.03.07
  • Accepted : 2013.06.18
  • Published : 2014.05.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: We sought to identify predictors of significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after successful permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation in Korean patients. Methods" Of 404 patients who underwent PPM implantation, 187 patients who had both baseline and follow-up echocardiographic examinations were assigned to one of two groups: no development or change in TR (Group I, n = 172, $65.5{\pm}13.7$ years) versus the development of significant TR (Group II, n = 15, $72.1{\pm}8.3$ years). Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were compared between the two groups. Results: Overall, the grade of TR was significantly aggravated from $0.46{\pm}0.73$ to $0.81{\pm}0.84$ (p < 0.001) during $3.1{\pm}1.8$ years of follow-up ($0.49{\pm}0.75$ to $0.69{\pm}0.74$ in Group I, p < 0.001; $0.13{\pm}0.35$ to $2.27{\pm}0.46$ in Group II, p < 0.001). The de novo development or aggravation of TR was observed in 66 patients (35.3%), and significant TR developed in 15 patients (8.0%). The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was significantly higher (53.3 vs. 18.6%, p = 0.002), and the implantation of a ventricle pacing, ventricle sensing, inhibited by ventricular event (VVI) type pacemaker was more frequent in Group II than in Group I (46.7 vs. 15.1%, p = 0.002). Other variables were not different between the groups. Conclusions: The development or aggravation of TR was not rare after successful PPM implantation, even though the development of significant TR was uncommon. The presence of AF and the implantation of a VVI type pacemaker were predictors of the development of significant TR. Together, the results of this study suggest that the development or aggravation of TR should be monitored carefully after PPM implantation.

목적: 본 연구에서는 성공적으로 인공 심박동기를 삽입한 환자에서 유의한 삼첨판 역류증이 발생하거나 악화되는 예측인자를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 전남대학교병원에서 2005년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 인공 심박동기를 삽입한 총 404명의 환자 중 심박동기 삽입 전후 심장 초음파 검사가 시행된 187명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 삼첨판 역류증의 유의한 변화가 없는 경우를 I군(172명, $65.5{\pm}13.7$세, 남자 74명), 삼첨판 역류증이 grade 2 이상 유의하게 악화된 경우를 II군(15명, $72.1{\pm}8.3$세, 남자 9명)으로 나누어 임상적 특성과 심초음파 검사를 비교하였다. 결과: 전체적으로 $3.1{\pm}1.8$년의 추적관찰 기간 동안 삼첨판 역류증의 grade는 $0.46{\pm}0.73$에서 $0.81{\pm}0.84$로 유의하게 악화되었다(p < 0.001). I군에서는 $0.49{\pm}0.75$에서 $0.69{\pm}0.74$로(p < 0.001), II군에서는 $0.13{\pm}0.35$에서 $2.27{\pm}0.46$으로 악화되었다(p < 0.001). 삼첨판 역류증이 새로 발생하거나 더 악화된 환자는 66명(35.3%)이었으며 grade 2 이상의 유의한 삼첨판 역류증의 악화는 15명(8.0%)에서 발생하였다. II군에서 I군에 비해 심박동기 시술 전에 심방세동이 많았고(53.3% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.002), VVI형 인공 심박동기 시술이 유의하게 많았다(46.7% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.002). 결론: 한국인에서 영구형 인공 심박동기를 삽입 후 유의한 삼첨판 역류증의 악화는 자주 발생하지 않았으나 삼첨판 역류증은 드물지 않게 발생했다. 인공 심박동기 삽입 전 심방 세동의 존재나 VVI 형태의 심박동기의 삽입이 유의한 삼첨판 역류증의 악화와 연관되어 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영구형 인공 심박동기를 삽입한 환자에서 삼첨판 역류증에 대한 면밀한 추적관찰이 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

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  1. Pacemaker-Related Tricuspid Regurgitation: An Uninvited Menace of an Invited Guest vol.86, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2014.86.5.573