DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

IgG Avidity Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in High Risk Females of Reproductive Age Group in India

  • Siddiqui, Naushaba (Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital) ;
  • Shujatullah, Fatima (Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital) ;
  • Khan, Haris M. (Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital) ;
  • Rabbani, Tamkin (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital) ;
  • Khan, Parvez A. (Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital)
  • Received : 2013.12.11
  • Accepted : 2014.06.18
  • Published : 2014.10.31

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that is distributed worldwide. Recently, several tests for avidity of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies have been introduced to help discriminate between recently acquired and distant infections. The study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, India from February 2011 to September 2012. Serum specimens were subjected to Toxoplasma IgM ELISA and IgG avidity ELISA test. Out of 48 patients with abortions, 17 (35.4%) were positive for IgM ELISA, and 8 (16.6%) had low IgG avidity antibodies. Out of 48 patients with other obstetric problems, 23 (47.9%) were positive for IgM ELISA, and 17 (35.4%) had low IgG avidity antibodies. Combining both groups on avidity test, only 25 of 40 (62.5 %) IgM-positive women had low-avidity IgG antibodies suggesting a recent T. gondii infection in these women. More importantly, 15 (37.5%) of the IgM-positive women had high-avidity antibodies suggesting that the infection was acquired before gestation The relation of IgM seropositivity with the following risk factors was not found to be statistically significant; contact with cats (0.13), non-vegetarian food habits (0.05), and low socio-economic status (0.49). While, for IgG avidity ELISA, only contact with cats (0.01) was significantly associated with seropositivity. All other risk factors have P-values of >0.05 (not significant). IgG avidity test when used in combination with IgM test was a valuable assay for diagnosis of ongoing or recently acquired T. gondii infection in India.

Keywords

References

  1. Dumetre A, Darde ML. How to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2003; 27: 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00071-8
  2. Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii; transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8: 634-640. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x
  3. Sukhtana Y. Toxoplasmosis: beyond animals to humans. Trends Parasitol 2006; 22: 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2006.01.007
  4. Sarkar MD, Anuradha B, Sharma N, Roy RN. Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis in antenatal women with bad obstetric history in a tertiary-care hospital of Andhra Pradesh, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2012; 30: 87-92.
  5. Aral Akarsu G, Elhan HA, Akarsu C. Retrospective evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in fertile and infertile women. Mikrobiyol Bult 2011; 45: 174-180.
  6. Hedman K, Lappalainen M, Soderlund M, Hedman L. Avidity of IgG in serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev Med Microbiol 1993; 4: 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1097/00013542-199307000-00001
  7. Liesenfeld O, Montoya JG, Kinney S, Press C, Remington JS. Effect of testing for IgG avidity in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: experience in a US reference laboratory. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1248-1253. https://doi.org/10.1086/319672
  8. Iqbal J, Khalid N. Detection of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy by IgG avidity and PCR analysis. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56: 1495-1499. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47260-0
  9. Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O, Kinney S, Press C, Remington JS. VIDAS test for avidity of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G for confirmatory testing of pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2504-2508. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.7.2504-2508.2002
  10. Yasodhara P, Ramalakshmi BA, Lakshmi V, Krishna TP. Socioeconomic status and prevalence of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22: 241-243.
  11. Singh S, Pandit AJ. Incidence and prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Indian pregnant women: a prospective study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 52: 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00222.x
  12. Sood N, Soni S, Vegad M, Gupta P. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women with bad obstetric history in Ahmedabad. Gujarat Med J 2009; 64: 35-37.
  13. Vallochi AL, Muccioli C, Martins MC, Silveira C, Belfort R Jr, Rizzo LV. The genotype of Toxoplasma gondii strains causing ocular toxoplasmosis in humans in Brazil. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 139: 350-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2004.07.040
  14. Lee SE, Hong SH, Lee SH, Jeong YI, Lim SJ, Kwon OW, Kim SH, You YS, Choi SH, Lee WJ. Detection of ocular Toxoplasma gondii infection in chronic irregular recurrent uveitis by PCR. Korean J Parasitol 2012; 50: 229-231. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.229
  15. Malarvizhi A, Viswanathan T, Lavanya V, Arul Sheeda Malar S, Moorthy K. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women. J Public Health Epidemiol 2012; 4: 170-177.
  16. Khan SN, Khan S, Ayaz S, Jan AH, Jehangir S, Attaullah S, Ali I, Shams S. Seroprevalance and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in District Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. World Applied Sci J 2011; 14: 1032-1036.
  17. Liu Q, Wei F, Gao S, Jiang L, Lian H, Yuan B, Yuan Z, Xia Z, Liu B, Xu X, Zhu XQ. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103: 162-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.07.008
  18. Petersen E, Borobio MV, Guy E , Liesenfeld O, Meroni V, Naessens A, Spranzi E, Thulliez P. European multicentre study of the LIAISON automated diagnostic system for determination of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and the IgG avidity index. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 1570-1574. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.4.1570-1574.2005

Cited by

  1. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Almadinah Almunawwarah KSA vol.11, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.04.004
  2. Analysis Concentration of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> on Anti-Toxoplasma IgG-IgM Antibody Levels, and the Outcomes of Pregnancy in Mice Balb/c vol.7, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2017.73030
  3. The global seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis vol.14, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008103