디지털융복합연구 (Journal of Digital Convergence)

  • 제12권10호
  • /
  • Pages.145-156
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 2713-6434(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2713-6442(eISSN)
한국디지털정책학회 (The Society of Digital Policy and Management)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

조직 내 다양성 관리와 종업원의 이직의도: 지각된 조직후원인식의 매개효과를 중심으로

Managing workplace diversity and employees' turnover intention: The mediating role of perceived organizational support

  • Kim, Hye Kyoung (Occupational Education Studies, Oklahoma State University) ;
  • Lee, Ung Hee (Management Support team, Korea Industrial Complex Corp.)
  • 투고 : 2014.07.09
  • 심사 : 2014.10.20
  • 발행 : 2014.10.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구의 주요 목적은 조직 내 다양성 관리, 종업원의 이직 의도, 그리고 지각된 조직 후원과의 구조적 관계를 살펴보는 것이다. 또한 조직 내 다양성 관리와 이직 의도 간의 관계에서 지각된 조직 후원의 매개적 역할에 대해서도 살펴보는 것이다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 선행연구 리뷰와 설문지법을 이용한 실증적 분석을 실시하였으며, 연구결과 조직 내 다양성 관리와 종업원의 이직 의도와는 부(-)의 영향관계가 존재하지 않았으나, 다양성 관리가 지각된 조직 후원에는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지각된 조직 후원은 종업원의 이직 의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지각된 조직 후원은 조직 내 다양성 관리가 종업원의 이직 의도에 미치는 영향 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 종업원의 이직 의도를 줄이고 최종적으로 성과 향상을 위한 방안에 대해 논의하고 시사점을 제시하였다.

The main purpose of the study was to examine the structural relationships among workplace diversity management, employees' turnover intention, and perceived organizational support in the Korean business context. The mediating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between workplace diversity management and turnover intention was also explored. The major findings are as follows: First, no direct relationship was found between workplace diversity management and employees' turnover intention. However, workplace diversity management positively impacted perceived organizational support. Third, perceived organizational support was found to be negatively related with employees' turnover intention. Finally, the results showed that perceived organizational support played a mediating role in the relationship between workplace diversity management and turnover intention.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Sole, C. and Parella, S. (2003), The labour market and racial discrimination in Spain, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183032000076759
  2. McShane, S.L., Canadian organizational behavior (6thed.). Irwin, Toronto, 2006.
  3. Allen, R.S., Dawson, G., Wheatley, K. and White, C.S., Perceived diversity and organizational performance, Employee Relations, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 20-33, 2008.
  4. Joshi, A., Liao, H. and Jackson, S.E., Cross-level effects of workplace diversity on sales performance and pay, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 459-481, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.21794664
  5. Mamman, A., Kamoche, K. and Bakuwa, R., Diversity, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: An organizing framework, Human Resource Management Review. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 285-302, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.12.003
  6. Neal, E. and Mannix, M., What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations, Psychological Science in Public Interest, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 31-55, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2005.00022.x
  7. Pitcher, P. and Smith, A. D., Top management team heterogeneity: Personality, power, and proxies, Organization Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-18, 2000.
  8. Robinson, G. and Dechant, K., Building a business case for diversity, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 21-31, 1997.
  9. Richard, O.C., McMillian, A., Chadwick, K. and Dwyer, S., Employing an innovation strategy in racially diverse workforces: Effects on firm performance, Group & Organization Management, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 107-126, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601102250022
  10. Richard, O.C., Racial diversity, business strategy, and firm performance: A resource-based view, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 164-177, 2000. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556374
  11. Tsui, A.S., Egan, T.D. and O'Reilly, C.A., III., Being different: Relational demography and organizational attachment, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 549-579, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393472
  12. Stewart, R., Volpone, S.D., Avery, D.R. and McKay, P., You support diversity, but are you ethical? Examining the interactive effects of diversity and ethical climate perceptions on turnover intentions, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 4, pp. 581-593, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0697-5
  13. Schippers, M., Hartog, D., Koopman, P. and Wienk, J., Diversity and team outcomes: The moderating effects of outcome interdependence and group longevity and the mediating effect of reflexivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 779-802, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.220
  14. Magoshi, E. and Chang, E., Diversity management and the effects on employees' organizational commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea, Journal of World Business, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 31-40, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.03.018
  15. Ministry of Employment and Labor of Korea, Analysis of hiring of workers (2012), retrieved from http://www.moel.go.kr/english/main.jsp.
  16. Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. and Davis-LaMastro, V., Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment and innovation, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 51-59, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
  17. Romzek, B.S., Employee investment and commitment: The ties that bind, Public Administration Review, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 374-382, 1990. https://doi.org/10.2307/976619
  18. Aryee, S., Budhwar, P.S. and Chen, Z.X., Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes:Test of a social exchange model, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 267-287, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.138
  19. Blau, P.M., Exchange and power in social life, Wiley, New York, 1964.
  20. Gouldner, A.W., The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement, American Sociological Review, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161-178, 1960. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
  21. Settoon, R.P., Bennett, N. and Liden, R.C., Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 219-227, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219
  22. Cunningham, G.B. and Sagas, M., Examining the main and interactive effects of deep-and surface-level diversity on job satisfaction and organizational turnover intentions, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 319-332, 2004.
  23. Leonard, J.S. and Levine, D.I., The effect of diversity on turnover: A large case study, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 547-572, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900402
  24. Prieto, L.C., Phipps, S.T.A. and Osiri, J.K., Linking workplace diversity to organizational performance: A conceptual framework, Journal of Diversity Management, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.13-21, 2009.
  25. Jabbour, C.J.C., Gordono, F.S., de Oliveira, J.H.C., Martinez, J.C. and Battistelle, R.A.G., Diversity management: Challenges, benefits, and the role of human resource management in Brazilian organizations, Equality Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 58-74, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151111110072
  26. Morrison, M., Lumby, J. and Sood, K., Diversity and diversity management: Messages from recent research, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 277-295, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143206065264
  27. Lumadi, M.W., Managing diversity at higher education and training institutions: A daunting task, Journal of Diversity Management, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1-10, 2008.
  28. Hopkins, W.E., Hopkins, S. and Mallette, P., Diversity and managerial value commitment: A test of some proposed relationships, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 288-306, 2001.
  29. Jackson, B.W., LaFasto, F., Schultz, H.G. and Kelley, D., Diversity, Human Resource Management, Vol. 31, No. 1&2, pp. 21-34, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930310103
  30. Groeneveld, S., Diversity and employee turnover in the Dutch public sector: Does diversity management make a difference? International Journal of Public Sector, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 594-612, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551111163675
  31. O'Mara, J., Managing diversity, in Tracey, W.R. (Ed.), Human Resources Management & Development Handbook, Amacon, New York, NY, 1994.
  32. Buttner, E.H., Lowe, K.B. and Billings-Harris, L., Diversity climate impact on employee of color outcomes: does justice matter? Career Development International, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 239-258, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011053721
  33. Choi, S., Diversity in the US federal government: Diversity management and employee turnover in federal agencies, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 603-630, 2008.
  34. Leveson, L, Joiner, T.A. and Bakalis, S., Managing cultural diversity and perceived organizational support: Evidence from Australia, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 377-392, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720910973061
  35. Eisenberger, R., Jones, J.R., Aselage, J. and Sucharski, I.L., Perceived organizational support. In J. A.-M. Coyle-Sharpiro, L. M. Shore, M. S. Taylor, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), The employment relationship: Examining psychological and contextual perspectives (pp. 206-225). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  36. Masterson, S.S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B.M. and Taylor, M.S., Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, pp. 738-748, 2000. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556364
  37. Hui, C., Wong, A. and Tjosvold, D., Turnover intention and performance in China: The role of positive affectivity, Chinese values, perceived organizational support and constructive controversy, Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 735-751, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317906X171037
  38. Perryer, C., Jordan, C., Firns, I. and Travaglione, A., Predicting turnover intentions: The interactive effects of organizational commitment and perceived organizational support, Management Research Review, Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 911-923, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171011070323
  39. Shivers-Blackwell, S.L., Using role theory to examine determinants of transformational and transactional leader behaviour, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 41-50, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000304
  40. Oyler, J.D and Pryor, M.G., Workplace Diversity in the United States: The perspective of Peter Drucker, Journal of Management History, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 420-451, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340910987338
  41. Armstrong-Stassen, M. and Ursel, N.D., Perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, and the retention of older workers, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 201-220, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X288838
  42. Mor Barak, M.E., Cherin, D.A. and Berkman, S., Organizational and personal dimensions in diversity climate, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 82-104, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886398341006
  43. Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P.D. and Rhoades, L., Reciprocation of perceived organizational support, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 42-51, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
  44. Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R., Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, pp. 698-714, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
  45. Shore, L. M. and Tetrick, L. E., A construct validity study of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, pp. 637-643, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.5.637
  46. Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O. and Hollingsworth, A.T., An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 408-414, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408
  47. Bigliardi, B., Petroni, A. and Dormio, A.I., Organizational socialization, career aspirations and turnover intentions among design engineers, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 424-441, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730510617645
  48. Joo, B.-K., Organizational commitment for knowledge workers: The roles of perceived organizational learning culture, leader-member exchange quality, and turnover intention, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 69-85, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20031
  49. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L., Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006.
  50. Anderson, J.C. & Gerbing, D.W., The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis, Psychometrika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 155-173, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294170
  51. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F., Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 39-50, 1981. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  52. Joreskog, K.G and Sorbom, D., LISREL 8.80 for Windows [Computer Software], Scientific Software International, Inc, Lincolnwood, IL, 2006.
  53. Katz, J., Aldrich, H., Welbourne, T.M. and Williams, P.M., Guest editor's comments special issue on human resource management and the SME: Toward a new synthesis, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 7-10, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870002500102
  54. Kaur, V., Retention management, International Journal of Research in IT & Management, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 782-793, 2012.
  55. Loi, R., Hang-yue, N. and Foley, S., Linking employees'justice perceptions to organizational commitment and intention to leave: The mediating role of perceived organizational support, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 101-120, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X39657
  56. Steel, R.P. and Ovalle, N.K., A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 673-686, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.673

피인용 문헌

  1. The Effects of Diversity Management in a Deluxe Hotel on F & B Employees’ Job Engagement and Organizational Commitment vol.32, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.3.363