Research in Community and Public Health Nursing (지역사회간호학회지)

Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing (한국지역사회간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Fecal Incontinence and Depression of Rural Women

농촌거주 여성의 변실금과 우울

  • Kim, Chunmi (Department of Nursing, Sunmoon University) ;
  • Lee, Hung Sa (Department of Nursing, Sunmoon University) ;
  • Kim, Eun Man (Department of Nursing, Sunmoon University)
  • Received : 2014.06.12
  • Accepted : 2014.09.25
  • Published : 2014.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence and influencing factors of fecal incontinence, and to analyze the association between fecal incontinence and depression. Methods: The subjects of this study were 233 women living in rural areas, and data were collected using questionnaires from February 24 to May 30, 2012. Fecal incontinence was measured with the Continence Grading Score, and depression with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS through $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANOVA. Results: Of the subjects, 16.7% had fecal incontinence. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was higher in older women ($x^2=23.55$, p<.001), those with vaginal delivery ($x^2=4.81$, p=.049), those with parity of 4 or more ($x^2=13.47$, p=.003), and those with urinary incontinence ($x^2=26.36$, p<.001). The level of depression was significantly higher in older women (F=19.27, p<.001), those with low academic qualification (F=18.17, p<.001), those with urinary incontinence (F=4.15, p=.043), and those with fecal incontinence (F=14.90, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that there should be supports by public health care for fecal incontinence prevention and care programs in order to promote the physical and emotional health of rural women.

Keywords

References

  1. Mandelstam DA. Fecal incontinence. social and economic factors. In: Henry MM, Swash M, editors. Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Pathophysiology and management. London: Butterworth; 1984. p. 217-222.
  2. Bharucha AE, Philips SF. Slow-transit constipation. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology. 2001;4(4):309-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-001-0056-9
  3. Bartlett L, Nowak M, Ho YH. Reasons for non-disclosure of faecal incontinence: A comparison between two survey methods. Techniques in coloproctology. 2007;11(3):251-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-007-0360-z
  4. Whitehead WE. Diagnosing and managing fecal incontinence: If you don't ask, they won't tell. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.043
  5. Brown HW, Wexner SD, Lukacz ES. Factors associated with care seeking among women with accidental bowel leakage. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery. 2013;19(2):66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e31828016d3
  6. Park SH, Kang CB, Jang SY, Kim BY. Effect of kegel exercise to prevent urinary and fecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women: Systematic review. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2013;43(3):420-430. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.420
  7. Rohwer K, Bliss DZ, Savik K. Incontinence-associated dermatitis in community-dwelling individuals with fecal incontinence. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing. 2013;40(2):181-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WON.0b013e31827e8b3d
  8. Toglia MR, DeLancey JO. Anal incontinence and the obstetrician-gynecologist. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994;84(4Pt2):731-740.
  9. Haadem K, Ohrlander S, Lingman G. Long-term ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery-a hidden problem. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1988;27(1):27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-2243(88)80007-8
  10. Bartlett L, Nowak M, Ho YH. Impact of fecal incontinence on quality of life. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2009;15(26):3276-3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.3276
  11. Yip SO, Dick MA, McPencow AM, Martin DK, Ciarleglio MM, Erekson EA. The association between urinary and fecal incontinence and social isolation in older women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;208(2):146e1-146e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.010
  12. Smith TM, Menees SB, Xu X, Saad RJ, Chey WD, Fenner DE. Factors associated with quality of life among women with fecal incontinence. International Urogynecology Journal. 2013;24(3):493-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-012-1889-6
  13. Halland M, Koloski NA, Jones M, Byles J, Chiarelli P, Forder P, et al. Prevalence correlates and impact of fecal incontinence among older women. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2013;56(9):1080-1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0b013e31829203a9
  14. Ditah I, Devaki P, Luma HN, Ditah C, Njei B, Jaiyeoba C, et al. Prevalence, trends, and risk factors for fecal incontinence in United states adults, 2005-2010. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2014;12(4):636-643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.020
  15. Yoon HW, Bae CS. A study female of fecal incontinence: Effects of parity & delivery method. Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;42(12):2749-2753.
  16. Horng SS, Chou YJ, Huang N, Fang YT, Chou P. Fecal incontinence and epidemiology and help seeking among older people in Taiwan. Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2014;33(7):1153-1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.22462
  17. Matthews CA, Whitehead WE, Townsend MK, Grodstein F. Risk factors for urinary, fecal, or dual incontinence in the nurses' health study. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;122(3):539-545. http://dx.doi.org/10,1097/AOG.0b013e31829efbff https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829efbff
  18. Moon YJ, Lim HS, Jung JE, Cho HH, Kim MR, Lew YO, et al. Original artides: The effects of the number of normal vaginal deliveries to the function of low urogenital system. Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;50(4):638-644.
  19. Chang TC, Chang SR, Hsiao SM, Hsiao CF, Chen CH, Lin HH. Factors associated with fecal incontinence in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research. 2013;39(1):250-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01902.x
  20. Menees SB, Smith TM, Xu X, Saad RJ, Chey WD, Fenner DE. Factors associated with symptoms severity in women presenting with fecal incontinence. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2013;56(1):97-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826f8773
  21. Kang HW. Prevalence and predictive factors of fecal incontinence [master's thesis]. [Seoul]: Ewha Womens University; 2011. 38 p.
  22. Chung SS, Park UC, Kim CK, Seong BG, Shin HJ, Choi YC, et al. Functional investigation with use of anorectal physiology in the patients with fecal incontinence. Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research. 1999;57(6 Suppl):996-1007.
  23. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a short version. Clinical Gerontologist. 1986;5:165-172. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
  24. Park SK, Myung SJ. Diagnosis and treatment of fecal incontinence. The Korean Journal of Medicine. 2012;83(5):580-584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2012.83.5.580
  25. Berger MB, Delancey JO, Fenner DE. Racial defferences in fecal incontinence in community-dwelling women from the EPI study. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery. 2013;19(3):169-174. http://dx.doi.org/10,1097/SPV.0b013e3182874709 https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e3182874709
  26. Joh HK, Seong MK, Oh, SW. Fecal Incontinence in Elderly Koreans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2010;58(1):116-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02613.x
  27. Hwang JS, Park TH, Kim DK, Kang MA, Kim SM, Bae CS, et al. The prevalence of female urinary and fecal incontinence. Journal of Korean Obstetrics Society. 1998;41(6):1552-1559.
  28. Goode PS, Burgio KL, Halli AD, Jones RW, Richter HE, Redden DT, et al. Prevalence and correlates of fecal incontinence in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2005;53(4):629-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53211.x
  29. Wilson M. Living with fecal incontinence: Follow-up to a research project. British Journal of Nursing. 2013;22(3):147-150. 152-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2013.22.3.147