DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Creation of Consistent Burn Wounds: A Rat Model

  • Cai, Elijah Zhengyang (Department of Surgery, National University Health System) ;
  • Ang, Chuan Han (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore) ;
  • Raju, Ashvin (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore) ;
  • Tan, Kong Bing (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore) ;
  • Hing, Eileen Chor Hoong (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore) ;
  • Loo, Yihua (Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research) ;
  • Wong, Yong Chiat (Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories) ;
  • Lee, Hanjing (Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System) ;
  • Lim, Jane (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore) ;
  • Moochhala, Shabbir M. (Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories) ;
  • Hauser, Charlotte A.E. (Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research) ;
  • Lim, Thiam Chye (Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Natioanl University of Singapore)
  • 투고 : 2014.06.01
  • 심사 : 2014.07.08
  • 발행 : 2014.07.15

초록

Background Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. Methods Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to $100^{\circ}C$ in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. Results Average wound size was $0.9957cm^2$ (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. Conclusions This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Pessolato AG, Martins Ddos S, Ambrosio CE, et al. Propolis and amnion reepithelialise second-degree burns in rats. Burns 2011;37:1192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2011.05.016
  2. Gurung S, Skalko-Basnet N. Wound healing properties of Carica papaya latex: in vivo evaluation in mice burn model. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;121:338-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.030
  3. Priya KS, Gnanamani A, Radhakrishnan N, et al. Healing potential of Datura alba on burn wounds in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;83:193-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00195-2
  4. Eloy R, Cornillac AM. Wound healing of burns in rats treated with a new amino acid copolymer membrane. Burns 1992; 18:405-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(92)90041-R
  5. Upadhyay NK, Kumar R, Mandotra SK, et al. Safety and healing efficacy of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil on burn wounds in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1146-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.002
  6. Meyer TN, Silva AL. A standard burn model using rats. Acta Cir Bras 1999;14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86501999000400009.
  7. Mohd Zohdi R, Abu Bakar Zakaria Z, Yusof N, et al. Gelam (Melaleuca spp.) Honey-Based Hydrogel as Burn Wound Dressing. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:843025.
  8. Campelo AP, Campelo MW, Britto GA, et al. An optimized animal model for partial and total skin thickness burns studies. Acta Cir Bras 2011;26 Suppl 1:38-42.
  9. Tavares Pereira Ddos S, Lima-Ribeiro MH, de Pontes-Filho NT, et al. Development of animal model for studying deep second-degree thermal burns. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012;2012:460841.
  10. Mitsunaga Junior JK, Gragnani A, Ramos ML, et al. Rat an experimental model for burns: a systematic review. Acta Cir Bras 2012;27:417-23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502012000600010
  11. Benson A, Dickson WA, Boyce DE. ABC of wound healing: burns. BMJ 2006;332:649-52. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7542.649
  12. Galiano RD, Michaels Jt, Dobryansky M, et al. Quantitative and reproducible murine model of excisional wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2004;12:485-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.12404.x
  13. Montandon D, D'Andiran G, Gabbiani G. The mechanism of wound contraction and epithelialization: clinical and experimental studies. Clin Plast Surg 1977;4:325-46.
  14. Aksoy MH, Vargel I, Canter IH, et al. A new experimental hypertrophic scar model in guinea pigs. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2002;26:388-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-002-1121-z
  15. Zawacki BE, Jones RJ. Standard depth burns in the rat: the importance of the hair growth cycle. Br J Plast Surg 1967; 20:347-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(67)80065-1
  16. Muller-Rover S, Handjiski B, van der Veen C, et al. A comprehensive guide for the accurate classification of murine hair follicles in distinct hair cycle stages. J Invest Dermatol 2001;117:3-15. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01377.x
  17. Chase HB. Growth of the hair. Physiol Rev 1954;34:113-26.
  18. Plikus MV, Mayer JA, de la Cruz D, et al. Cyclic dermal BMP signalling regulates stem cell activation during hair regeneration. Nature 2008;451:340-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06457
  19. Hinrichsen N, Birk-Sorensen L, Gottrup F, et al. Wound contraction in an experimental porcine model. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1998;32:243-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02844319850158561
  20. Goldratt E, Greenfield AJ. New method for measuring the thermal conductivity. Rev Sci Instrum 1978;49:1531. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1135306

피인용 문헌

  1. Design and Testing of an Experimental Steam-Induced Burn Model in Rats vol.2017, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9878109
  2. A New Model of Extraocular Muscle Fibrosis by Thermal Cauterization in the Rats vol.59, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.5.478
  3. Collagen-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Indomethacin Biohybrid Matrices as Wound Dressings vol.10, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040224
  4. The Cutaneous Inflammatory Response to Thermal Burn Injury in a Murine Model vol.20, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030538
  5. Fidgetin-Like 2 siRNA Enhances the Wound Healing Capability of a Surfactant Polymer Dressing vol.8, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2018.0827
  6. Comparative study on the effects of heated brass bar and scald methods in experimental skin burn in rat vol.28, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-02975-2
  7. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of pH-Sensitive GHK-Cu-Incorporated Polyaspartic and Polyacrylic Acid Superabsorbent Polymer vol.4, pp.23, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00655
  8. Temporal shifts in the mycobiome structure and network architecture associated with a rat (Rattus norvegicus) deep partial-thickness cutaneous burn vol.58, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz030
  9. Seeds of Zizyphus lotus : In Vivo Healing Properties of the Vegetable Oil vol.2020, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1724543
  10. Withania frutescens: Chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities vol.18, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0088
  11. Withania frutescens: Chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities vol.18, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0088
  12. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded by adipose stem cells enhances wound healing by modulating IL‐1β, TGF‐β1, and bFGF in burn wound model in rat vol.108, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34411
  13. Chemisorption and sustained release of cefotaxime between a layered double hydroxide and polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers for enhanced efficacy against second degree burn wound infection vol.10, pp.22, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08355c
  14. Collective Locomotion of Human Cells, Wound Healing and Their Control by Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Marine Invertebrates vol.25, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112471
  15. Current status and future outlook of nano‐based systems for burn wound management vol.108, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34535
  16. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Simvastatin Accelerates Burn Wound Healing by Activation of the Akt/mTOR Pathway vol.41, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa005
  17. Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Argon-Sourced Plasma Flux Promotes Wound Healing of Burn Wounds and Burn Wounds with Infection in Mice through the Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages vol.11, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125343
  18. Evaluation of the Wheat Germ Oil Topical Formulations for Wound Healing Activity in Rats vol.24, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2021.706.715