Journal of information and communication convergence engineering

  • 제12권3호
  • /
  • Pages.173-180
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 2234-8255(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-8883(eISSN)
한국정보통신학회 (The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation Engineering)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Research on Robustness of 2D DWT-Based Watermarking in Intermediate Viewpoint by 3D Warping

  • Park, Scott (DDR IP Division, Uniquify Inc.) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Jun (Department of Electronic Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University) ;
  • Yang, Won-Jae (Division of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Wook (Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Seo, Young-Ho (College of Liberal Arts, Kwangwoon University)
  • 투고 : 2014.04.28
  • 심사 : 2014.07.25
  • 발행 : 2014.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This paper investigates the robustness of watermarking techniques for stereo or multi-view images generated from texture and depth images. A three-dimensional (3D) warping technique is applied to texture and depth images to generate stereo or multi-view images for a 3D display. By using the 3D warping technique, in this paper, we developed watermarking techniques and evaluated the robustness of these techniques that can extract watermarks from texture images even when the viewpoints are moved. A depth image is used to generate a stereo image with the largest viewpoint difference to the left and right. The overlapping region in the stereo image that does not disappear after warping is then obtained, and DWT is applied to this region to embed a watermark in the LL sub-band. The proposed watermarking techniques were found to yield bit error rates of about 3%-16% when they were applied to stereo images generated from texture and depth images. Furthermore, the results showed that the copyright could be seen when the extracted watermark was visually confirmed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Y. S. Ho, "3D video encoding trend of standard technology," TTA Journal, vol. 142, pp. 89-94, 2012.
  2. J. J. Ruanaidh, W. J. Dowling, and F. M. Boland, "Phase watermarking of digital images," in Proceeding of International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'97), Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 239-242, 1996.
  3. I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1673-1687, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/83.650120
  4. M. Barni, F. Bartolini, V. Cappellini, and A. Piva, "Image watermarking of secure transmission over public networks," in Proceedings of COST 254 Workshop on Emerging Techniques for Communication Terminals, Toulouse, France, pp. 290-294, 1997.
  5. S. Wang, C. Cui, and X. Niu, "Watermarking for DIBR 3D images based on SIFT feature points," Measurement, vol. 48, pp. 54-62, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.10.028
  6. Y. H. Lin and J. L. Wu, "A digital blind watermarking for depth-image-based rendering 3D images," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 602-611, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2011.2131470
  7. Y. H. Seo, B. R. Kim, and D. W. Kim, "A new watermarking algorithm for 3D stereoscopic image based on depth and texture images," Journal of Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 551-561, 2014. https://doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.3.551
  8. B. R. Kim, Y. H. Seo, and D. W. Kim, "Digital watermarking on image for view-point change and malicious attacks," Journal of Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 342-353, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2014.19.3.342