DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안의 Cochlodinium 적조 미발생 원인 : 영양염 자료를 중심으로

Non-Outbreak Cause of Cochlodinium Bloom in the Western Coast of Jaran Bay in Summer, 2013 : On the Basis of Nutrient Data

  • Kwon, Hyeong-Kyu (Korea Inter-University Institute of Ocean Science, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Jung (Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Yang, Han-Seob (Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Oh, Seok-Jin (Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University)
  • 투고 : 2014.05.26
  • 심사 : 2014.08.27
  • 발행 : 2014.08.31

초록

2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안에서 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조의 미발생 원인을 화학적 현장관측결과와 기존에 발표된 C. polykrikoides의 생리학적 자료를 이용하여 해석하였다. 조사기간 동안 식물플랑크톤 군집은 규조류가 우점하고 있었으며, Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Navicula spp. 그리고 Nitzschia spp.가 주요 우점종으로 출현하였다. 자란만 서부 연안의 영양염 농도는 이전의 C. polykrikoides 적조 발생 시기에 비해서 DIP 농도는 유사하였지만, DIN 농도는 낮았다. 특히, C. polykrikoides는 자란만 서부 연안에서 우점종으로 출현하는 규조류들에 비해서 무기 영양염에 대한 반포화상수(Ks)가 낮아 이들과의 종 경쟁에서 불리한 위치에 있는 것으로 보였다. 또한 상대적으로 낮은 DIN 농도를 보인 자란만 서부 연안은 질소에 대한 의존성이 높은 C. polykrikoides가 증식하기 위해서 불리한 환경이었다. 따라서 자란만 서부 연안의 낮은 영양염 환경하에서 무기 영양염 경쟁에 대해 불리한 위치에 있는 C. polykrikoides는 규조류의 번무에 따라 출현이 억제된 것으로 생각된다.

We investigated cause of non-outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in the western coast of Jaran Bay during Summer, 2013, by combining chemical field data and physiological data of C. polykrikoides, which had been already published. The predominant species were mainly diatoms, and dominant species was Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Navicula spp. and Nitzschia spp.. In case of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the western coast of Jaran Bay, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was similar to that in previous outbreak period of C. polykrikoides blooms, but dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was lower. C. polykrikoides might be disadvantageous in competition with diatom species because half-saturation constants (Ks) of C. polykrikoides for inorganic nutrients was lower than those of diatoms. Also, the western coast of Jaran Bay, where DIN concentration is relatively low, was an unfavorable environment for growth of C. polykrikoides characterized by nitrogen dependence. Therefore, C. polykrikoides which have the disadvantageous position for competition of inorganic nutrient might have been suppressed by diatom blooms under environment of low nutrient in the western coast of Jaran Bay.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Admiraal, W.(1977), Influence of various concentration of orthophosphate on the division rate of an estuarine benthic diatom, Navicula arenaria, in culture, Marine Biology, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392008
  2. Anderson, S. M. and O. A. Roels(1981), Effects of light intensity on nitrate and nitrite uptake and excretion by Chaetoceros curvisetus, Marine biology, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397692
  3. Chihara, M. and M. Murano(1997), An illustrated guide to marine plankton in Japan, Tokai University Press, Tokyo, p. 1574.
  4. Choi, H. Y.(2001), Oceanographic condition of the coastal area between Narodo Is. and Solido Is. in the Southern Sea of Korea and its relation to the disappearance of red-tide observed in Summer 1998, The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 49-62.
  5. Conway, H. L. and P. J. Harrison(1977), Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. IV. Transient response of Chaetoceros debilis, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira gravida to a single addition of the limiting nutrient, Marine Biology, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392569
  6. Dortch, Q. and T. E. Whitledge(1992), Does nitrogen or silicon limit phytoplankton production in the Mississippi River plume and nearby regions?, Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 1293-1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(92)90065-R
  7. Dufour, P., L. Charpy, S. Bonnet and N. Gracia(1999), Phytoplankton nutrient control in the oligotrophic south Pacific subtropical gyre(Tuamotu Archipelago), Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 179, pp. 285-290. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps179285
  8. Dugdale, R. C.(1967), Nutrient limitation in the sea: Dynamics, identification and significance, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 685-695. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.4.0685
  9. Egge, J. K. and D. L. Aksnes(1992), Silicate as regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 83, No. 2. pp. 281-289. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps083281
  10. Eppley, R. W., J. N. Rogers and J. J. McCarthy(1969), Half-saturation constants for uptake of nitrate and ammonium by marine phytoplankton, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 912-920. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.6.0912
  11. Escaravage, V., T. C. Prins, A. C. Smaal and J. C. H. Peeters(1996), The response of phytoplankton communities to phosphorus input reduction in mesocosm experiments, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology Ecology, Vol. 198, No. 1, pp. 55-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)00165-4
  12. Gobler, C. J., A. Burson, F. Koch, Y. Tang and M. R. Mulholland(2012), The role of nitrogenous nutrients in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in New York estuaries (USA), Harmful Algae, Vol. 17, pp. 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2012.03.001
  13. Hallaegraeff, G. M.(1991) Aquaculturists guide to harmful Australian microalgae, CSIRO, Fishing Industry Training Board of Tasmania Inc., Vol. 58, p. 11.
  14. Harrison, P. J., H. L. Conway, R. W. Holmes and C. O. Davis(1977), Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. III. Cellular chemical composition and morphology of Chaetoceros debilis, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira gravida, Marine Biology, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392568
  15. Harrison, P. J., J. S. Parslow and H. L. Conway(1989), Determination of nutrient uptake kinetic parameters: a comparison of methods, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 301-312. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps052301
  16. Humborg C., V. Ittekkot, A. Cociasu and B. V. Bodungen(1997), Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure, Nature, Vol. 386, No. 6623, pp. 385-388. https://doi.org/10.1038/386385a0
  17. Jeong, H. J., Y. D. Yoo, J. S. Kim, T. Y. Kim, J. H. Kim, N. S. Kang and W. H. Yih(2004), Mixotrophy in the phototrophic harmful alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophycean): prey species, the effects of prey concentration, and grazing impact, Journal of Eukuryotic Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00292.x
  18. Justic, D., N. N. Rabalais, R. E. Turner and Q. Dortch (1995), Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80014-9
  19. Kang, Y. S., Y. T. Park, W. A. Lim, E. S. Cho, C. K. Lee and Y. S. Kang(2009), A comparative study on outbreak scale of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms, The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 229-239.
  20. Kim, C. H.(2010), Development of bloom control techniques through life cycle elucidation of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. p. 225.
  21. Kim, D. I.(2003), Physiological and ecological studies on harmful red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Margalef), Ph. D. Thesis, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, p. 154.
  22. Kim, H. C., C. K. Lee, S. G. Lee, H. G. Kim and C. K. Kim(2001), Physico-chemical factors on the growth of Cochlodinium polykrikoides and nutrient utilization, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 445-456.
  23. Kwon, H. K.(2010), Utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity of phytoplankton, M. Sc. Thesis, Pukyung National University, Busan, p. 86.
  24. Lee, B. R.(2011), Bloom potential of harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the southern coast of Korea as assessed by real-time PCR assay. M. Sc. Thesis, Pukyung National University, Busan, p. 47.
  25. Lee, D. K.(2008), Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and eco-physical condition in the South Sea of Korea, Harmful Algae, Vol. 7, pp. 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.014
  26. Lee, M. O. and J. H. Choi(2009), Distributions of water temperature and salinity in the Korea Southern Coastal Water during Cochlodinium polykrikoides Blooms, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 235-247.
  27. Lee, Y. S.(2006), Factor affecting outbreaks of high-density Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides in coastal seawaters around Yeosu and Tongyeong, Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 1246-1259.
  28. Lee, Y. S., W. A. Lim and S. G. Lee(2007), Horizontal distributions of salinity and the concentrations of DIN and DIP after heavy rainfall events in areas of Cochlodinium Polykrikoides bloom occurrence, Journal of the Environmental Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 1119-1125. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2007.16.10.1119
  29. Lim, W. A., C. S. Jung, C. K. Lee, Y. C. Cho, S. G. Lee, H. G. Kim and I. K. Chung(2002), The outbreak, maintenance, and decline of the red tide dominated by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the Coastal Waters off Southern Korea from August to October, 2000, The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 68-77.
  30. Lomas, M. W. and P. M. Glibert(2000), Comparisons of nitrate uptake, storage, and reduction in marine diatoms and flagellates, Journal of Phycology, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 903-913. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99029.x
  31. Margalef, R.(1961), Hidrografia y fitoplancton de un area marina de la costa meridional de Puerto Rico, Inv. Pesq., Vol, 18, pp. 33-96.
  32. MLTM(2010), Ministry of Land, Transportation and Marine Affairs, Standard methods for marine environmental analysis, p. 495.
  33. NFRDI(1997), National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Recent red tide in Korean coastal waters, p. 280.
  34. NFRDI(2004), National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Harmful algal blooms in Korean coastal waters in 2002, 2003, p. 273.
  35. Park, J. G., M. K. Jeong, J. A. Lee, K. J. Cho and O. S. Kwon(2001), Diurnal vertical migration of a harmful dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae), during a red tide in coastal waters of Namhae Island, Korea, Phycologia, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 292-297. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-292.1
  36. Park, K. W., J. W. Park, S. H. Yoon and Y. S. Seo(2013), Occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom, 2013, 2013 Autumn Meeting on the Korea Society of Oceanography, p. 95.
  37. Peters, F., L. Arin, C. Marrase, E. Berdalet and M. M. Sala(2006), Effects of small-scale turbulence on the growth of two diatoms of different size in a phosphorus-limited medium, Journal of Marine Systems, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.11.012
  38. Rizvi, S. J. H. and V. Rizvi(1992), Allelopathy: basic and applied aspects, Chapman and Hall, London, p. 480.
  39. Sekiguchi, K., Y. Kaga, S. Kaga and T. Ogata(2000), Effect of culture filtrates of various microalgae on the growth of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Bulletin Iwate Prefecture Fisheries Technology Center, Vol. 2, pp. 43-49.
  40. Seo, H. S.(2013), Numerical experiment on the drift diffusion of harmful algal bloom in the western coastal waters in Korea. M. Sc. Thesis, Pukyung National University, Busan, p. 85.
  41. Sommer, U.(1986), Nitrate-and silicate-competition among Antarctic phytoplankton, Marine Biology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428628
  42. Sommer, U.(1989) The role of competition for resources in phytoplankton succession, In: Plankton Ecology: Succession in Plankton Communities, (ed.) Sommer, U., Springer-Verlag, New-York, pp. 57-106.
  43. Tilman, D., S. S. Kilham and P. Kilham(1982), Phytoplankton community ecology: the role of limiting nutrients, Annual Review Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 13, pp. 349-372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.002025
  44. Tomas, C. R.(1997), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Academic Press, London, p. 858.
  45. Turner, R. E., N. Qureshi, N. N. Rabalais, Q. Dortch, D. Justic, R. F. Shaw and J. Cope(1998), Fluctuating silicate: nitrate ratios and coastal plankton food webs, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 95, pp. 13048-13051. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.13048
  46. Turquet, J., J. P. Quod, A. Coute and M. Faust(1998), Assemblage of benthic dinoflagellates and monitoring of harmful species in Reunion island (SW Indian Ocean) during the 1993-1996 period, In: Harmful Algae, (eds.) Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M. L. Fernandez and T. Wyatt, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, pp. 44-47.
  47. Uchida, T., Y. Matsuyama, M. Yamaguchi and T. Honjo(1996), Growth interactions between a red tide dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama and some other phytoplankton sepcies in culture, In: Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms, (eds.) Yasumoto, T., Y. Oshima and Y. Fukuyo, Unesco, Paris, pp. 369-372.
  48. Whyte, J. N. C., N. Haigh, N. G. Ginther and L. J. Keddy(2001), First record of blooms of Cochlodinium sp. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) causing mortality to aquacultured salmon on the west coast of Canada, Phycologia, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 298-304. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-298.1
  49. Yang, J. S., H. Y. Choi, H. J. Jeong, J. Y. Jeong and J. K. Park(2000), The outbreak of red tides in the Coastal Waters off Kohung, Chonnam, Korea: I. Physical and chemical characteristics in 1997, The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 16-26.
  50. Yuki, M. and S. Yoshimatsu(1989), Two fish-killing species of Cochlodinium from Harima Nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, In: Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology, (eds.) Okaichi, T., D. M. Anderson and T. Nemoto, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 451-454.

피인용 문헌

  1. Marine Environmental Characteristics of Goheung Coastal Waters during Cochlodinium polykrikoides Blooms vol.18, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2015.18.3.166
  2. Effect of Nutrients on Competition among the Harmful Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and the Diatom Skeletonema sp. in Jaran Bay Using a Mathematical Model vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2015.20.2.92
  3. Factors controlling the origin of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms along the Goheung coast, South Korea vol.113, pp.1-2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.001