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Geology, Mineralization, and Age of the Pocheon Fe(-Cu) Skarn Deposit, Korea

한국 포천 철(-동) 스카른 광상의 지질, 광화작용 및 생성연대

  • Kim, Chang Seong (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Go, Ji Su (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Seon-Gyu (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Tae (School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University)
  • 김창성 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 고지수 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 최선규 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 김상태 (맥매스터대학교 지리지구과학부)
  • Received : 2014.04.15
  • Accepted : 2014.05.08
  • Published : 2014.08.28

Abstract

The Pocheon iron (-copper) deposit, located at the northwestern part of the Precambrian Gyeonggi massif in South Korea, genetically remains controversial. Previous researchers advocated a metamorphosed (-exhalative) sedimentary origin for iron enrichment. In this study, we present strong evidences for skarnification and Fe mineralization, spatially associated with the Myeongseongsan granite. The Pocheon deposit is composed of diverse carbonate rocks such as dolostone and limestone which are partially overprinted by various hydrothermal skarns such as sodic-calcic, calcic and magnesian skarn. Iron (-copper) mineralization occurs mainly in the sodic-calcic skarn zone, locally superimposed by copper mineralization during retrograde stage of skarn. Age data determined on phlogopites from retrograde skarn stage by Ar-Ar and K-Ar methods range from $110.3{\pm}1.0Ma$ to $108.3{\pm}2.8Ma$, showing that skarn iron mineralization in the Pocheon is closely related to the shallow-depth Myeongseongsan granite (ca. 112 Ma). Carbon-oxygen isotopic depletions of carbonates in marbles, diverse skarns, and veins can be explained by decarbonation and interaction with an infiltrating hydrothermal fluids in open system ($XCO_2=0.1$). The results of sulfur isotope analyses indicate that both of sulfide (chalcopyrite-pyrite composite) and anhydrites in skarn have very high sulfur isotope values, suggesting the $^{34}S$ enrichment of the Pocheon sulfide and sulfate sulfur was derived from sulfate in the carbonate protolith. Shear zones with fractures in the Pocheon area channeled the saline, high $fO_2$ hydrothermal fluids, resulting in locally developed intense skarn alteration at temperature range of about $500^{\circ}$ to $400^{\circ}C$.

선캄브리아기 경기육괴의 북서부에 위치한 포천 철(-동)광상은 다양한 이론이 제시되어 논쟁 대상이 되었으며, 성인적 측면에서 변성(-배기형) 퇴적 광상이 주된 생성이론으로 인지되었다. 본 논문에서는 포천 스카른화작용/철광화작용의 핵심 증거를 통하여 공간적으로 인접한 명성산 화강암이 관계화성암의 가능성을 제시하였다. 포천 스카른은 석회암과 백운암의 다양한 탄산염암을 모암으로 하여 Ca계열, Mg계열 및 Na-Ca계열 스카른이 형성되었다. 철광화작용은 주로 Na-Ca계열 스카른대를 따라 배태되고 있으며, 후퇴 스카른 단계에 국부적으로 동 광화작용이 중첩된다. 포천 후퇴 스카른 단계에 정출된 금운모의 Ar-Ar과 K-Ar연대측정 결과는 $110.3{\pm}1.0{\sim}108.3{\pm}2.8Ma$이며, 스카른 철(-동) 광화작용은 천부 관입암체인 명성산 화강암의 관입시기(112 Ma)와 일치하여 관계화성암으로 추정된다. 주변 탄산염암, 스카른 및 맥상의 탄산염광물간 산소-탄소 동위원소 빈화된 경향성은 개방계 조건($XCO_2=0.1$)에서 열수의 탈탄산염화 작용과 침투작용에서 유도되었다. 한편 황화광물(황동석-황철석 혼합물)과 경석고에서 매우 높은 황 동위원소 값은 황근원물질이 주변 탄산염암에 함유되어 있던 황산염광물로부터 공급되었을 가능성을 지시한다. 포천 광상 주변의 전단대에서는 파쇄대가 중첩되어 발달하여 있으며, 백악기 화강암으로부터 공급된 고온성 광화유체가 이러한 약선대를 따라 유입되어 약 $500^{\circ}{\sim}400^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 강력한 근지성 스카른화작용과 함께 광화작용이 유도되었다.

Keywords

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